الفهرس 
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Abstract
Five transacts have been taken along the southern part of the Bitter Lakes in Ismailia Governorate. Their locations were Deferswar, Abu Sultan, El-saidia, Fayed and Fanara. These transects have been taken from the shoreline of the Bitter Lakes up to the Suez fresh water canal. Soil profiles were dug at each transect to the water table level and soil samples were collected from different layers of different soil profiles. After the equilibrium of water table in each profile, their depths from the surface were evaluated and water samples were taken and preserved for different analysis. Also, water samples were taken from different locations of Malaria, Abou Sultan and Serabium drains as well as Suez fresh canal. The data showed that soluble salts of the surface layer (0-60cm) decrease sharply from the shoreline of Bitter Lakes towards the fresh water canal. The data also showed that Na concentration increased gradually with increasing the water table level. The data showed that increasing water table level decreased soluble Ca with depth. The data of Fayed and Fanara showed that the highest concentration of K was found at the depth adjacent to the water table level and it decreased gradually toward the soil surface. The soil pH values of different profiles of different locations varied between 7.10 and 8.60. Results indicated that as the pH of soil increased with rising water table and vice versa as shown in Deferswar, El saidia and Fayed profiles. The surface layers of the shallow water table recorded the highest values of SAR. The effect of salt water intrusion of the Bitter Lakes on SAR, there is no significant correlation between SAR and different layers of soil profiles of different transects of studied area. The available P of the soil profiles of transects of Deferswar, Abou Sultan, and El Saidia were higher than Fayed and Fanara. At the same time, the available P was moderately high in the nearest areas of the Bitter Lakes. The DTPA-extractable K was high in different layers of the profiles nearest the Bitter lakes than that beside the Suez canal fresh water. Water table fluctuation at different transects of studied area produced a great effect on total N. The effect of Bitter Lakes on the concentration of DTPA-extractable Fe, the data showed that, except the profiles of Elsaidia, Fe increase gradually at the nearest of the Bitter lakes shore. The data showed that the moisture percent of all soil profiles increased gradually in different layers up to water table level. The highest salt content of water table samples of soil profiles of cultivated area was 5.3dSm-1. Also, Na+, Cl- increased progressively with increasing salinity content of the water of different soil profiles. Data indicated that slightly difference in the concentration of phosphorus in the water table of soil profiles. Soluble Fe2+ and Mn2+ in the drainage water are very low. Data showed that increasing salinity levels in the water of the soil profiles had led to an increase in SAR values on all studied area.
Keywords: Bitter Lakes – Drainage Water - Salt Intrusion - Soil Degradation