الفهرس 
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Abstract
This study was conducted in two experiments (growth and egg production) to investigate effects of corn distillers dried grains and solubles (DDGS) inclusion with or without kemzyme® plus dry (P) (E) or citric acid (CA) in quail diets on the growth, carcass traits, egg production, egg quality, hatching traits, haematological parameters, some plasma constituents, immune response and economic efficiency.
Experiment of Growth : A total of 432 seven day of age unsexed Japanese quail chicks were randomly divided into twelve experimental groups, 36 of each in three replicates. The experimental treatments were arranged as 4 x 3 factorial design with four levels of DDGS (0, 6, 12 and 18%) and three levels of addition (0 , 0.05 % Kemzyme® Plus Dry (P) and 3 % citric acid). The experimental period lasted up to 6 wks of age.
Experiment of egg production. A total of 324 nine week-old Japanese quail were randomly divided into twelve experimental groups, 27 birds of each in three replicates (6 ♀+ 3 ♂/ replicate). The experimental treatments were arranged as 4 x 3 factorial design with four levels of DDGS (0, 6, 12 and 18%) and three levels of addition (0 , 0.05 % Kemzyme® Plus Dry (P) and 3 % citric acid). The results indicated that,
The percentages of DDGS chemical analyses were 27.8 CP, 9.2 EE, 9.7 CF, 4.0 ash, 0.78 P and 0.07 Ca and the energy, 2625 kcal/kg. Inclusion of DDGS in quail diets during growth period did not affect on live body weight (LBW) , feed conversion ratio (FCR) , mortality %, carcass parameters, intestinal pH, haematological parameters, relative weight of spleen and bursa and immune response against sheep red blood cells (SRBCs), but the group of 18% DDGS had decrease in live body weight gain (LBWG) and worst feed conversion ratio only during the period from 1-4 weeks of age. And the groups 6 and 12% had the lowest feed consumption (FC). Addition of E in quail diet did not affect on LBW, LBWG, FCR, mortality %, carcass parameters, intestinal pH, haematological parameters but caused significant increase in FC. Addition of CA in quail diet did not affect on LBW, LBWG, FCR, mortality %, carcass parameters, intestinal pH, haematological parameters while caused significant decrease in FC. Addition of E or CA alone or with DDGS in quail diets did not affect on LBW, LBWG. mortality %, carcass parameters, intestinal pH, haematological parameters, relative weight of spleen and bursa and immune response against SRBCs. Significant differences were found between dietary groups in FC and FCR and the group of control + E had the highest value of FC during the period from 1-6 wks of age and the best FCR were of group, 6 % DDGS + E and 12 % DDGS. Group of 12% DDGS was the best in economic efficiency and relative economic efficiency followed by 6% and 18% DDGS groups.
Inclusion of DDGS in quail layer diets up to 18 % had no negative effect on each of body weight (BW), egg weight (EW), egg production % (EP%), FCR , percentages of egg contents, Haugh units, shape index , yolk index, hatching traits, blood parameters and immune response against SRBCs and it caused increase of eggshell thickness and yolk color, but caused decrease in FC while egg mass (EM) decreased only at level 18 %. Multi-enzyme supplementation in diet of quail increased EP%, EM and improved FCR of quail from 9 to 21 wks of age. But did not affected BW, EW, FC, egg quality traits, hatching traits, blood parameters, immune response against SRBCs and it caused decrease in plasma total antioxidant capacity. Citric acid supplementation at level 3% caused significant increase in plasma Ca, shell % and shell thickness, improving FCR, reduction in EW, FC during the period from 9-21 wks of age. No significant effect of CA on each of BW, EM, haematological parameters, some plasma constituents, immune response against SRBCs, hatching traits. Significant differences were found by the interaction between DDGS and E or CA and the highest value of EW was of control group, the highest value of FC was of control +E, the highest value of shell % was of control + 3%CA, the highest value of shell thickness was of 6 % DDGS + 3% CA, the highest values of yolk index was of 6 % DDGS + E and the highest value of yolk color and lowest in EW were of 18 % DDGS + 3% CA and the lowest value of total antioxidant capacity was of control +E. Results of economic efficiency showed that groups of 12% DDGS + E and 12% DDGS + 3 % CA were economically the best.
It could be concluded that, using corn DDGS in quail diet up to 12% during the growth period and up to 18 % with enzyme and up to 12% with citric acid without adversely effects egg performance and blood parameters, immune response, egg quality and hatching traits with improving in economic efficiency.
Key words: Quail, DDGS, enzymes, citric acid, growth, egg production, egg quality, hatchability, immunity, blood parameters, economic efficiency