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Abstract Dementiaisadiminutionincognitioninthesettingofastablelevel of consciousness. Dementia denotesa decrement of two or moreintellectualfunctions,incontrasttofocalorspecificimpairmentssuchas amnesticdisorder.Thepersistentandstable atureoftheimpairment distinguishesdementiafromthealteredconsciousnessandfluctuating deficitsofdelirium.Alzheimer’s disease represents the most common type of dementia. Other types of dementia include vascular dementias,frontotemporal dementias, dementias with lewy bodies in addition to dementia due to other general medical conditions (e.g.Pick’sdisease,Huntington’s disease,Parkinson’s disease,Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, and hypothyroidism) and substanceinduced persisting dementia. Alzheimer’s disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder manifested by cognitive and memory deterioration, progressive impairment of activities of daily living, and a variety of neuropsychiatric symptoms and behavioral disturbances. |