الفهرس 
Anatomy of mammary glandsOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 16 |  |  |
| | | from | 16 | | |
Abstract
Breast milk is the ideal and natural food for infants, especially in the first months of life. Exclusive BF for the first six months promotes health, and helps to prevent many infant and child hood disease. It is also mention in the (Holy Quran) that mothers should feed their infants their own milk for at least two years (AAP, 2012).
Breast feeding is a fundamental right of mothers and infants, but it has also known that every where women the work force in greater numbers and the decision to return to work may be the result of women’s life style, financial circumstances, or professional preparation (Guendelman et al., 2009).
Aim of the Study:
The present study aimed to assess the effect of maternal employment on breast feeding practices.
Research Questions:
1- Are socio demographic characteristic of the mother affect the breast feeding pattern?
2- Is employment status of the mother effect feeding
pattern?
3- Are there a relation between employment status and feeding pattern?
I. Technical Design:
The technical design for the study includes four main categories, research design, setting, subjects and tools for data collection.
Research Design:
A descriptive research was used to conduct this study.
Research Settings:
The study was conducted at the selected Maternal and Child Health Centers (MCHCs) affiliated to the East and West Medical Sector of Cairo Governorate namely El-Waily MCHC and El Mahkama Medical Center at Maser El Gadeada.
Subjects:
A simple random sample consisted of 215 with the following criteria, working and breast feed baby less than 2 years. exclusive criteria, baby depend on artificial feeding only and free from congenital anomalies that interfere with breast feeding The size was estimated according to the statistical records of El-Mahkama from 2009 to 2010, the total number of mother’s were 6500 and 2010 to 2011 were 7500.
The sample size included 2% of total average (140 working mother) was selected from El-Mahkama and 5% (75 working mother) was selected from El waily, then the total mother were (215) which selected randomly.
Tools of Data Collection:
Data was collected by using the following tool:
An Interviewing Questionnaire Sheet (Appendix I) An interviewing questionnaire sheet was designed by the researcher, after reviewing the national and international related current and previous literature, it was written in a simple Arabic Language. It consisted of two parts:
Part (I):
It concerned with socio-demographic characteristics of mothers, such as age, educational level and occupation of the mother.
Part (II):
It was concerned with mothers’ knowledge regarding breastfeeding and pattern, such as exclusive or non exclusive,
complementary, supplementary, duration and frequency per day and type of expression, storage of expressed breast milk and time of weaning, type of food during working hours.
Scoring system This tool consisted of 32items, each has been scored as:
(2) = complete answer.
(1) = incomplete Zero = don’t know Total mother’s knowledge for each part as well as total questionnaire sheet was classified into two levels as follows:
- Satisfactory knowledge (> 50%).
- Unsatisfactory (<50%)
II. Operational Design:
Preparatory Phase The researcher reviewed of the current and past national & international related literatures about various aspect of the study using books, articles, periodicals internet and magazines. These were necessary for the researcher to be acquainted with and oriented toward all aspects of the research problems and develop the study tools for data collection.
Pilot Study A Pilot study was done on 10% of the sample in Maternal and Child Health Centers (MCHCs) to test the applicability, clarity and efficiency of tools items that were used in the study.
The sample of mother included in the pilot study was excluded from the whole study sample.
Content and Face validity The developed tools were assessed by five expertise (Medical and nursing professors from the Faculty of Medicine and Nursing (Pediatric and Obstetrics Department.
Field Work The actual field work started from the beginning of April to end of September (2013) for data collection. The researcher was available 3 days weekly (Saturday, Monday, and Tuesday) during morning shifts from 9 am to 2 pm, and started by introducing herself to the mothers and giving the brief idea about the aim of the research. and verbal consent was obtained from mother’s to share in the study The researcher interviewed with each mother individually at available time within 25 minute to complete questionnaire. Three mothers were met/ day. This technique was performed every week.
Ethical Considerations:
Written consent was obtained from the participants after explaining the purposes of the study, which included: No harm was occurring to participant; each participant had the right to with draw from the study at any time; human rights were reserved; and data was confidential and used mainly for the purpose of the research.
III. Administrative Design:
An official letters including the title and purpose of the study to conduct the study were submitted from the director of Faculty of Nursing, Ain shams University then approval of the director of MCHCs of El Waily and El Mahkama Centers was taken.
IV. Statistical Design:
The obtained data was organized, tabulated, analyzed, represented in tables and graphs as require, means and standard deviations as well as percentages, suitable statistical tests was used to test the significance of results obtains.
Significance of Results:
Significance of results was classified according to p-value; the following level is used:
P> 0.05 no significant P< 0.05 significance difference P< 0.001 highly significance difference