الفهرس 
منهج آرندت في التفكيريوجد فقط 14 صفحة متاحة للعرض العام
 |  | from | 253 |  |  |
| | | from | 253 | | |
المستخلص
This dissertation holds a title which is very important not
only on the general specialization – Level (philosophy) or the
sub – specialization - Level (political philosophy) but also on
the level of the contemporary Living political reality. This is the
case because the title revolves on searching the central political
concept which occupies the thinking of the philosophers
politicians and the public generally, in the past and recently,
which is the concept of ”authority” where this concept has been
studied and the other political concepts relating to it according
to the contemporary philosopher ”Hannah ARENDT”.
The dissertation consists of five chapters, introduction,
conclusion, summary and abstract in Arabic and English and the
index of resources and references. The dissertation occupies
(243) page.
The researcher used in addressing this topic both the
critical analysis method and the comparative historical method
to extract ARENDT’s Vision concerning ”authority”, as for its
Essence, origion, function, forms and mechanisms of its
practice. Also the study was established on the Texts of
ARENDT in English whether they were works or articles,
besides some studies related to her political philosophy.
The introduction includes a definition for the research
topic, its sub – issues, the importance of studying it and the
٢١٣
concepts used, in addition to the hypothesises and questions of
the research, first of all – the aims of the research.
In the first chapter with title (ARENDT’s method of
thinking) a detailed presentation was made for the resources of
influence which helped to form the methodology of Arendt in
philosophizing and forming her philosophical view of the
concept ”authority”. These resources are represented in
Aristotle, Plato, Montesquieu and Nietzsche. After that the
critical trend for Arendt was presented where she was not
limited to citation or imitation. Despite she has been influenced
by the ideas of the previous philosophers and the current ones,
she was holder of positive critical trend by which she could
employ some philosophical political ideas from the past in
building her own philosophy and the related. Also the
phenomenological orientation for her was explained where she
perceived the efficiency of the phenomenological method for
Husserl – and which has been used by the existential
philosophers Heidegger and sartre and others – in revealing the
essence of ”authority” and what is related to it of other political
concepts such as freedom. Here the researcher can say that
ARENDT’s philosophy on authority may be called
”phenomenology of authority”, finally, a concise comment on
Arendt’s method in thinking.
The second chapter with title (the totalitarian
authority), included the study of ”authority” term in language
٢١٤
and use and clarifying the view of Arendt about the essence of
Authority as its being pure human condition, as it means the
ability of man not only to act but also to perform Fitted action
with the others. Authority- according to her is not an individual
merit, but it returns to a group and it is still existing as long as
the group remained together. So the origion of authority is that
”Men should be together” which is called (Togetherness),
meaning the ”public” and not the ”private” which is the source
of ”power”.
After that, there is a detailed presentation of Arendt’s
vision of the ”totalitarian authority” where she declared her
refusal to it. This is because it damages the original authority
through practicing violence and terrorism. Also the totalitarian
authority eliminates the inclination to freedom of man,
meaning the ability to move. Also the essence of the doctorial
systems in the reign was presented, such as the communist
system and the Nazi system as of the relation of these systems to
the totalitarian authority and the mechanisms of practicing it
through the terrorism and injust procedures and exceptional
laws. After that, there is a comment including an evaluation of
Arendt’s position to the totalitarian authority.
The third chapter with title (Ideology) included the
definition of the term ”ideology” and explaining the essence of
the ideological thinking which begins by presenting accepted
logical statement to infer – through it – every thing included in
٢١٥
this statement. The ideological claims are composed of dispute
forms which are coherent, working through linear operations.
The ideological discussions almost are deductive processes
based on logic.
Also the term ”legitimacy” was defined in relation to the
systems of government having the totalitarian Authority. The
”communism”, as an ideological model has been presented
revealing the essence of dominance practiced by the systems of
the dictatorial reign with ideology, then a comment clarifying
the view of the researcher about Arendt’s vision on this issue.
The fourth chapter, with title (the political action)
included a detailed presentation of the essence of the ”political
act” as its being the efforts and activities done by one group of
the political groups to defend its interests, And as its being
based on appearing the actor’s essence inside the act through
”speech” and ”action”. The Right of the ”political action” is
”the basis of citizenship”, and the ”political citizenship” is
appeared in the collective act and through the appearance of
others as Arendt’s saying.
Also there is a detailed presentation of the human
condition which is called ”togetherness” considering it a source
of the original authority having legality and Legitimacy. Beside,
the concept of ”speech” explained as a mechanism of interaction
among men and showing the essence of ”activity” which is
٢١٦
needed to be done to achieve any work, then a comment on
Arendt’s addressing the political act.
And in the fifth chapter with title (freedom) the concept
of (Freedom) was handled in language and use. The vision of
Arendt of freedom was explained seeing it not as a grant or gift
but it is an ”act” and acquisition and as its being (the state of
the free man) who can move and get out to the ”world” for
meeting others and dealing with them by ”word” and ”action”.
Then the concept of ”liberation” was presented meaning to be
liberated from the necessity and need – describing this as – a
necessary condition for freedom in the positive meaning.
Also the concept of (Constitutive act) as for positing the
constitution and laws which is an ”original right for the
people” expressed by the principle included (people should
grant the government a constitution not the contrary), was
handled, in detail. The position of ARENDT to ”the human
rights” was addressed – describing them as rights that cannot be
changed or amended, also they should not be taken from other
rights or laws and that any authority did not participate in
issuing them because man himself is their source and their main
Aim. finally, there is a comment explaining the view of the
researcher as for ARENDT’s vision on freedom and its relation
to the authority.
There is a conclusion including the most important results
reached by this study