الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The increasing world population would lead to further increase in the number of livestock as demand for meat and milk increases and that would mean emission of more cattle, buffaloes. So that it must be important to study the disease agents which affect the health and productivity of these Farm animals causing severe economic losses.
Mycoplasma is one of the causative agents of diseases to cattle, buffaloes and camels which alone or together with viruses and/or bacteria cause important specific disorders, such as rhinitis, infertility problems, mastitis, granular vulvovaginitis, pneumonia and conjunctivitis.
This study was carried out on 180 specimens from Lung tissue, tracheal, Lymph node, spleen and kidney.in addition to 84 serum samples. These samples are collected from cattle and buffaloes. These samples are collected to detect the incidence of Mycoplasma in them and to evaluate the role of recent techniques PCR and ELISA in diagnosis of Mycoplasma and applying invitro antibiotic sensitivity test.
The total incidence rate of mycoplasma from cattle (28%) The highest recovery rate was from trachea and kidney (8 isolates out of 20 samples,4 isolates out of 10 samples respectively) with an incidence rate 40%, followed by lung tissue (9 isolates out of 30 samples) with an incidence rate 30%, followed by liver (4 isolate out of 20 samples) and lymph node (2 isolate out of 10 samples) with an incidence rate (20%) and finally spleen (1 isolates out of 10 samples) with an incidence rate 10%.
The recovery rate in buffaloes was 32.5%. The highest recovery rate was from lung (50 %) followed by kidney (40%) followed by trachea (35%) then liver (30%) and finally lymph node and spleen with an incidence rate (10%).
In this study we used digitonin sensitivity test to differentiate between Mycoplasma and Acholeplasma genera. In cattle 28% belonged to genus Mycoplasma and 4 % were Acholeplasma. While In the buffaloes, 32.5% of the isolates were belonging to genus Mycoplasma and 6.25% were Acholeplasma.
Biochemical characterization using glucose fermentation, arginin deamination and film and spot formation tests revealed that the Mycoplasma isolates from farm animals (cattle, buffaloe) were divided into three distinct biochemical groups in cattle, and two distinct biochemical groups in bufflo which then were identified by Growth inhibition test (GIT) which was used for serological identification of isolates of each biochemical group.
We can conclude in the cattlethe isolates were M. bovirhinis, M. bovis and M. arginini with an incidence 17.9%, 71.4% and 10.7% respectively. While In buffaloes there were 2 Mycoplasmasp.: M. bovirhinis, with an incidence rate 38.5%, and M.bovis with an incidence 61.5%.
ELISA results on serum samples generate new genomic and immunologic tools for enhancing the detection of Mycoplasma infection in dairy cattle and buffaloes.
All filed isolates of M. arginini,M. bovis and M.bovirhinis represented to cattleandbuffaloes were tested by PCR, which confirm the same result obtained biochemically.Antibiotic sensitivity tests using broth indicator microdilution technique is used to determine the MICs of eight antibiotics against different Mycoplasma species isolated from cattle and buffaloes showed that, Tilmicosin is the most effective antibiotic followed by Spiramycin and Tulathromycin. They are the most active antibiotics to be used in Mycoplasma infection in cattles and buffaloes. And all species show slight resistance to Doxycyclin.