الفهرس 
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Abstract
This work was conducted at the Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University to investigate the biochemical effects of watery supplementation of chromium element on lipid profile, liver functions, kidney functions, Ca, P, T3, T4 and leptin hormones in broilersOur study was carried out on 80 male and female Cubb chicks divided in to four groups (20 chicks in each group) as follow: Group 1: chicks fed basal ration and normal water for two months. Group 2: chicks fed high fat ration (5% beef tallow) and normal water for two months. Group 3: chicks fed basal ration with water supplemented with chromium chloride (30 mg CrCl3 / l water) for two monthGroup4: chicks fed high fat ration (5% beef tallow) with water supplemented with chromium chloride (30 mg CrCl3 / l water) for two monthsAt the end of the experiment (two months), Blood samples were collected from wing vein. The sera obtained were used for determination of: Serum lipid profile (T.lipids, TC, TAG, HDL-c, LDL-c and vLDL-c). Serum proteins (Total protein, Albumin and GlobulinLiver functions (AS-T , AL-T and GGT). Kidney functions (Urea, Creatinine and Uric acid). Blood glucoseBlood Ca and PSome serum hormones (T3, T4 and Leptin). Our results andstatistical analysis revealed the followings: 1-Effect of high fat ration onSerum lipid profile: serum total lipids, cholesterol, triacylglycerol and vLDL-c were significantly increased, while serum LDL-c were non significantly increased, also, HDL-c was non significantly changed after ingestion of high fat ration when compared with the control group. Serum proteins: Non significant differences in serum total protein, albumin and globulin levels after ingestion of high fat ration when compared with the control groupLiver functions: Non significant changes in Serum AS-T and Serum GGT activities, but serum AL-T activity was significantly increased after ingestion of high fat ration when compared with the control groupKidney functions: There were no significant differences in blood urea and creatinine levels in case of high fat ration but serum uric acid level was decreased when compared with the control groupBlood glucose: Non significant decrease in blood glucose level after ingestion of high fat ration when compared with the control groupBlood Ca and P: Blood Ca was decreased but P was not changed after ingestion of high fat ration when compared with the control groupSome serum hormones: serum T4 and T3 levels were decreased but serum leptin hormone level was non significantly increased after ingestion of high fat ration when compared with the control group. 2-Effect of watery chromium supplementation onSerum lipid profile: Serum HDL-c was significantly increased, but cholesterol, LDL-c, triacylglycerol, vLDL-c and LDL-c were significantly decreased, while serum total lipids were non significantly decreased after supplementation with water supplemented with chromium chloride when compared with the control groupSerum proteins: chromium chloride supplementation caused increased serum total protein and globulin levels significantly, while serum albumin level increased non significantly when compared with the control groupLiver functions: Serum AS-T activity was significantly decreased and serum AL-T activity was decreased non significantly, but Serum GGT activity was increased significantly after watery chromium chloride supplementation when compared with the control groupKidney functions: There were no significant differences in blood urea and creatinine levels but serum uric acid level was decreased after watery chromium chloride supplementation when compared with the control group.Blood glucose: Blood glucose level was decreased after supplementation with water supplemented with chromium chloride when compared with the control groupBlood Ca and P: Blood Ca level was increased significantly, but blood phosphorous level was non significantly affected after watery chromium chloride supplementation when compared with the control group. Some serum hormones: Serum T4 and T3 hormones levels were non significantly increased, but leptin hormone level was significantly increased after watery chromium chloride supplementation when compared with the control group3-Effects of high fat ration and watery chromium chloride supplementation onSerum lipid profile: Serum total lipids, serum cholesterol, triacylglcerolvLDL -c, LDL-c were significantly decreased, while there was non significant change in serum HDL-c in case of high fat ration with watery chromium chloride supplementation when compared with the high fat ration fed group. Serum proteins: serum total protein, albumin and globulin levels were increased in case of high fat ration with watery chromium chloride supplementation when compared with the high fat ration fed group.Liver functions: Serum AS-T activity was decreased, but serum AL-T activity was not changed, while serum GGT activity was significantly increased in case of high fat ration with watery chromium chloride supplementation when compared with the high fat ration fed group. Kidney functions: There were no significant differences in blood urea and creatinine levels but serum uric acid level was decreased in case of high fat ration with watery chromium chloride supplementation when compared with the high fat ration fed group. Blood glucose: Blood glucose level was significantly decreased in case of high fat ration with watery chromium chloride supplementation when compared with the high fat ration fed groupBlood Ca and P: Blood Ca level was increased significantly, but blood phosphorous level was non significantly affected in case of high fat ration with watery chromium chloride supplementation when compared with the high fat ration fed groupSome serum hormones: Serum T4, T3 and leptin hormones levels were significantly increased in case of high fat ration with watery chromium chloride supplementation when compared with the high fat ration fed group.