الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 16 |  |  |
| | | from | 16 | | |
Abstract
Determination of residual activity of insecticides is essential
information for the selection of appropriate indoor spraying operation.
The present study was designed to evaluate the variation of insecticide
residual bio-efficacy of four candidate insecticides namely; permethrin,
lambdacyhalothrin, deltamethrin (pyrethroids), and malathion
(organophosphate) sprayed on the most common house-wall surfaces in
the Egyptian environment (wood, mud and cement) against sand flies
(Phlebotomus papatasi) and mosquitoes (Culex pipiens). In this study, a
colonized non- blood fed, susceptible females were exposed for 30
minutes to a treated wall surface every second week for 20 weeks using
the WHO cone bioassay in an attempt to determine which of the four
insecticides and on which wall surface was most useful in killing these
insects and how long the insecticide lasted on the wall surface. The
effective and extended control (> 80%) was produced by
lambdacyhalothrin on indoor wood and cement surfaces. the effective
range of lmbdacyhalothrin extended over 10 and 12 weeks against sand
flies and mosquitoes, respectively. The efficacy range of
lambdacyhalothrin on indoor mud surface extended to four and six weeks
against sand flies and mosquitoes, respectively. The efficacy of all tested
insecticides dropped to the ineffective range (< 80%) within two weeks on
all treated surface kept outdoor. Deltamethrin was the only effective
insecticide against mosquitoes on outdoor-kept cement surface however
the efficient effect (mortality rates > 80%) were not reported beyond six
weeks. Indoor and outdoor-kept wood, mud, and cement surfaces treated
with malathion and permethrin provided no noteworthy efficacy against
sand flies and mosquitoes. Comparing the effectiveness of all insecticides
against sand flies and mosquitoes revealed significant difference. Sand
flies required higher dosages than mosquitoes and the effective range of
insecticide residual spraying against sand flies were significantly lower
than that observed against mosquitoes.