الفهرس 
مقدمه الدراسهOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Throughout history, there has been a continual battle between humans and the
microorganisms that cause infection and disease. With respect to bacterial
pathogens, they have shown a remarkable ability to adapt to environmental
parameters. In particular, the increasing use of antimicrobials over the past few
decades has led to the emergence and spread of various mechanisms of
antimicrobial drug resistance among bacterial pathogens (Tenover, 2006). Various
pathogens have emerged that exhibit resistance to multiple antimicrobial agents
and have the property to disseminate in the hospital environment, causing
nosocomial infections, or to spread in cases of infection acquired in the
community. Few papers have examined endemic antimicrobial resistance in Egypt,
in particularly the occurrence and resistance patterns of specific respiratory and
enteric pathogens (Haberberger, Jr. et al., 1994; Ostroff et al., 1996; El-Kholy A. et
al., 2003).
This review attempts to evaluate recent therapeutic options available for the
treatment of resistant infections and the progress being made in terms of discovery
and development of the next generation of combination antimicrobials that will be
relied upon for treating such infections in the next decade.
Aim of work:
The aim of the work is to spotlight the recent antimicrobial combinations and
presents a brief overview of the problem of resistance to antimicrobial agents.
More importantly, is to show the recent therapeutic advances available for fighting
resistant microorganisms.
Throughout history, there has been a continual battle between humans and the
microorganisms that cause infection and disease. With respect to bacterial
pathogens, they have shown a remarkable ability to adapt to environmental
parameters. In particular, the increasing use of antimicrobials over the past few
decades has led to the emergence and spread of various mechanisms of
antimicrobial drug resistance among bacterial pathogens (Tenover, 2006). Various
pathogens have emerged that exhibit resistance to multiple antimicrobial agents
and have the property to disseminate in the hospital environment, causing
nosocomial infections, or to spread in cases of infection acquired in the
community. Few papers have examined endemic antimicrobial resistance in Egypt,
in particularly the occurrence and resistance patterns of specific respiratory and
enteric pathogens (Haberberger, Jr. et al., 1994; Ostroff et al., 1996; El-Kholy A. et
al., 2003)This review attempts to evaluate recent therapeutic options available for the
treatment of resistant infections and the progress being made in terms of discovery
and development of the next generation of combination antimicrobials that will be
relied upon for treating such infections in the next decade.Aim of work:
The aim of the work is to spotlight the recent antimicrobial combinations and
presents a brief overview of the problem of resistance to antimicrobial agents.
More importantly, is to show the recent therapeutic advances available for fighting
resistant microorganisms.Throughout history, there has been a continual battle between
humans and the microorganisms that cause infection and disease.
With respect to bacterial pathogens, they have shown a
remarkable ability to adapt to environmental parameters. In
particular, the increasing use of antimicrobials over the past few
decades has led to the emergence and spread of various
mechanisms of antimicrobial drug resistance among bacterial
pathogens (Tenover, 2006).The capacity of microorganisms to acquire resistance to
antimicrobial agents has surpassed our imagination. In some cases,
antimicrobial agents formerly effective are no longer useful. S.
aureus is the resistant bacterium most familiar in the clinical
setting. This bacterium rapidly acquired resistance to
sulfonamides when they were in use. Penicillin was initially
effective to this microorganism, but resistant strains that produce
penicillinase increased in the 1950s. Therefore, penicillinase
stable methicillin was developed in 1960. However, as early as the
following year, 1961, methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) was
isolated in the UK. In the latter half of the 1990s, vancomycin
intermediate S. aureus (VISA) was reported in Japan. On the other
hand, vancomycin resistant S. aureus (VRSA) reported in the US