الفهرس 
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Abstract
1.1. Aquaculture
Fish and fish products are one of the most important feed stuffs as they are the cheapest source of animal protein. Like other agricultural commodities, fish are reared rather than hunted. Fish culture is the husbandry practice of rearing finfish. It existed in India, China and Egypt at least 4,000 years ago. In the United states, fish culture had its roots as a tool in government efforts to rehabilitate depleted stocks of migrating fish, such as shad (Meade,1989).
The demand for fish is expanding rapidly throughout the world because of increasing population and income. Fish is also an important component of human food and animal feed too. The main sources of fish are capture or culture fisheries. The first has its limitations which briefly are: the increase of fuel cost, marine pollution, over fishing and relocation of fishing zones. On the other hand, culture fisheries or fish farming or aquaculture or other related terms has its denotion to the rearing of organisms in water.
Aquaculture is more or less common definition which could be applied according to engineering or biological aspects or technical management. It is the practice of rearing, growing or producing products in water or in managed water systems, whether fresh, brackish or marine. Products of aquaculture include plants, insects, crustaceans, bivalves and pearls, fish, and anything else grown in water. Almost 10% of the total world fish production as the most important crop of.