الفهرس 
Diabetes mellitusOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is a metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from insulin resistance and usually relative (rather than absolute) insulin deficiency and accounts for about 90–95% of diabetic patients.
DN is considered one of the major microvascular complications of diabetes and has become the most common single cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in the United States and Europe. Approximately 20–30% of patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes develop evidence of nephropathy, but in type 2 diabetes, a considerably smaller fraction of these patients progress to ESRD(Felehgari et al., 2011).
Irisin hormone is normally present as part of a larger protein Fibronectin domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5) in a muscle cell’s outer membrane released by exercise.
It is involved in insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes and reported that it is decreased in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Reduced circulating irisin may have clinical implications in diabetic patients with renal insufficiency.
The aim of this work was to study Irisin Hormone level in Type 2 diabetic patient .
Also, to study the relation between Irisin Hormone level and diabetic nephropathy.
The study wasconducted on 90 subjects who were divided into 3 groups:
Group 1: 30type 2 diabetic patient with diabetic nephropathy.
Group 2: 30type 2 diabetic patient without diabetic nephropathy.
Group3: 30 control subjects with matched age and sex and not diabetics.
Criteria included patients with type 2 diabetes with age range from 35 to 60 years old and we excludedpregnant females, patients with renal or hepatic failure and patients whom receiving simvastatins.
All patients of this study were submitted to full medical history, thorough medical examination (height and weight for BM1, blood pressure),measurement of fasting blood glucose, Hb-A1c in all diabetic patients, BUN and serum creatinine, fasting serum irisin hormone andalbumin creatinineratio..
Our results denoting:
• Irisin hormone level is significantly decreased in type 2 diabetic patients (47.967 ± 8.853 ng/ml) in comparison with normal subjects(152.600 ± 39.581 ng/ml).
• Irisin hormone level is significantly decreased in patients with diabetic nephropathy (20.967 ± 4.476 ng/ml) compared to diabetic patients without nephropathy (47.967 ± 8.853 ng/ml).
• There is a high significant statistical (P<0.001)negative correlation between irisin and systolic blood pressure (r=-0.493), diastolic blood pressure (r=-0.625), serum creatinine (r=-0.729), duration of diabetes (r=-0.942)and albumin creatinine ratio (r=-0.696) in all diabetic patients.
• There is a significant statistical negative correlation between irisin and body weight (r=-0.268, p=0.039), BMI (r=-0.396, p=0.002)and HbA1c (r=-0.305, p=0.018) in all diabetic patients.
Conclusion:
There is a significantly reduction of serum irisin level in patients with type 2 diabetes and further significant reduction in patients with diabetic nephropathy.