الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Finding an alternative fuel has attracted considerable attraction in recent years due to limitation of traditional fossil resources and increasing of crude oil prices as well as concern over greenhouse gas emissions. Biodiesel, a biodegradable, non-toxic, free of sulfur and renewable form of energy, consisting of mono alkyl esters of fatty acids derived from sources such as vegetable oils and animal fats, has cardinal potential as alternative fuels. As energy demand increases and fossil fuels are limited, research is directed towards alternative renewable fuels. Besides exploring historical background ofbiodiesel production from vegetable oils, it also provides insight of different methodologies evolved for the conversion of vegetable oil in biodiesel. Biodiesel is made through a chemical process called transesterification whereby the glycerin, it’s by product is separated from the fat or vegetable oil and sold to produce products such as soaps and grease. Higher cost of refined vegetable oil and limitation of the food security makes refined vegetable oil as an unfavorable starting raw material. Therefore, waste cooking oil (WCO) has been explored to be an attractive option to reduce the raw material cost for the biodiesel production. The main objective of this research is to produce the biodiesel from waste cooking oil by two steps esterification using photocatalysis and then alkali trans esterification .Several parameters have been studied to determine the yield of the biodiesel by GC-MS analysis, reaction time (2-6 hrs), catalyst concentration (0.3-1.5 wt. ), number of UV lamp (1 or 3 lamps) and methanol: oil ratio (6:1-12:1). from the result obtained, the highest yield percentage was obtained using methanol:oil molar ratio of 12: 1, catalyst 0.3, time of 4 hrs and 1 lamp. from the results it was clear that the produced biodiesel from waste cooking oil can be used as fuel.