الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 112 |  |  |
| | | from | 112 | | |
Abstract
The human foot is a highly complex structure. It has two major functions: to
support the body in standing and progression;to lever it forward in walking,
running and jumping. The human foot is normally arched in its skeletal bases. Its
medial margin arches up between the heel and the ball of the big toe, forming a
visible and obvious medial longitudinal arch.
The bone that forms the medial longitudinal arch are calcaneus, talus,
navicular, the three cuneiform bones and their three metatarsal bones.
The pillars of the arch are the tuberosity of the calcaneus posteriorly and the heads
of the medial three metatarsal bones anteriorly. Bony factors do not play a
significant role in maintaining the stabilityof this arch. Ligaments are important,
but are unable to maintain the arch entirely on their own. The most important
structure is the planter aponeurosis. Deltoid, planter and talo-calcaneal inter
osseous ligaments, together with the capsule of talo- navicular and naviculocuneiform joints, play important role in maintaining the medial longitudinal arch.
The posterior tibial muscle, flexor degitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus and
intrinsic muscles of the foot also help in the supporting of the arch.
103
Loss of the medial longitudinal arch of the foot result