الفهرس 
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Abstract
The Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common malignant tumor in the oral and maxillofacial region. The worse prognosis of OSCC is attributed to the fact that a significant lesion is not diagnosed or treated until it reaches an advanced stage.
The Traditional clinical methods are lack to information regarding the aggressiveness of tumors, therefore new disease markers may provide additional information and suggested to be potentially useful for prognostic monitoring and methods of therapy. Anti-Human CXCR1and CXCR2 antibody are one of the proposed cancer markers and are detected in various kinds of cancer tissues.
The aim of the present study evaluate clinical data, and histhological feature of OSCC, as well as evaluate expression of CXCR1and CXCR2 in OSCC and correlating its immunoexpression with different histological grades and stages of OSSC cases. In addition, to comparison between immunoexpression of CXCR1 and CXCR2 in OSCC cases.
The present study was conducted on 20 cases of OSCC from patients presented to the Cranio-Maxillofacial and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University. For all cases, clinical data were collected as regard to sex, age, site, lymph node status, recurrence, disease stage and clinical appearance in addition to clinical picture.
The sample included 14 male (70%) and 6 females (30%) with male to female ratio of 1: 2.3. The age range was between 49–71 years and the mean age was 59, 75 years. The OSCC samples were derived from the tongue N=6 (30%), the alveolar mucosa N=5(25%), the buccal mucosa N=4(20%), the retromolar area N=2 (10%), the palatal mucosa N=2 (10%) and the lip N=one (5%).
Recurrence of tumor was presented in 5 cases (25%), while 15 cases (75%) showed not recurrence. As regards to lymph node involvement, it was clinically detected in 9 cases (45 %), while lymph node was clinically free in 11cases (55 %).
The clinical staging was defined according to the AJCC classification: 2 patients in stage I (10%), 4 patients in stage II (20%), 5 patient in stage III (25%), and 9 patients in stage IV (45%). In addition, 14 cases (70%) were endophytic growth pattern while 6 cases (30%) were exophytic, forming fungating masses most of which had irregular or papillary surfaces, red or white in color.
The microscopical examination showed that out of the 20 cases, 6 cases (30%) were well differentiated type, 10 cases (50%) were moderately differentiated type, and 4 cases (20%) were poorly differentiated type
The immunohistochemical technique was used for detecting expression of CXCR1 and CXCR2 on 20 sections for each receptor. That was stained by monoclonal antibody to IL-8 receptors using Labeled- Strept -Avidin Biotin complex method (LSAB). The intensity of immunoexpression of CXCR1 and CXCR2 were calculated in terms of mean area percent and mean optical density by the computer image analyzer.
The expression of CXCR1and CXCR2 were detected in all cases of the OSCC and control cases with variable intensity, The pattern of CXCR1 and CXCR2 were expressed in both the cytoplasm and nucleus of the malignant epithelial cells of OSCC.
The immunohistochemical reaction in CXCR1 and CXCR2 were concentrated mainly in the keratin pearl of the well differentiated OSCC. In moderately differentiated OSCC, the immunoreactivity was concentrated in all malignant epithelial cells forming epithelial pearl and cell nests, while one of the cases showed intense brownish immune reaction at the peripheral malignant cells of the nest with the central cells and keratin totally free from any reaction. In poorly differentiated OSCC, the immunostaning was concentrated in all anaplastic malignant epithelial cells.
The immunoexpression of CXCR1 was statistically significant with different histopathological grades and clinical stages of OSCC, while it was not statistically significant in CXCR2.
The optical density in OSCC showed intense and abundant staining of CXCR1 compared to CXCR2.