الفهرس 
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Abstract
Overweight and obesity in children have become a worldwide problem, no more limited to high-income countries; among developing countries, the Middle East has one the highest rates of childhood obesity. According to the center of disease control and prevention (CDC), the prevalence of childhood obesity in 2006 reached 27.5% in USA, 25.5% in Europe and 12.5% in Egypt and North Africa.
The prevalence of Obesity has increased significantly with an alarming rise of its comorbidities as: diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension….etc.
Among those comorbidities is vitamin D deficiency which is due to its sequestration in the fat cells. Vitamin D once recognized as a skeletal vitamin only is now questionable as it was found to affect many systems within the body and its deficiency is associated with many comorbidities as rickets in children, osteomalacia in adults, muscle weakness, hypertension, autoimmune diseases, increase tendency for infection, insulin resistance and many other health complications.
The present study was a cross sectional study that included 98 obese and overweight children and adolescents recruited from DEMPU, Cairo University. They were 53 males (54.1%) [46 obese (86.8%) and 7 overweight (13.2%)] and 45 females (45.9%) [38 obese (84.4%) and 7 overweight (15.6%)], with an average age of 10.63 ± 2.29 years for obese males, 11.93± 2.95 years for overweight males, 10.65 ± 2.39 years for obese females and 10.07 ± 1.57 years for overweight females.
The aim of this study was to measure the level of vitamin D in overweight and obese adolescents with or without metabolic syndrome and to assess the relationship between vitamin D and different components of metabolic syndrome.
All children and adolescents included in the study were subjected to a detailed history, complete general examination, anthropometric assessment (weight, height, pubertal assessment, waist circumference and hip circumference) and laboratory tests (Serum 25 OHD, serum high density lipoprotein, serum triglycerides, serum fasting insulin, serum fasting glucose, serum calcium, serum phosphorus and serum alkaline phosphatase). Assess insulin resistance and sensitivity by calculating HOMA-IR (Homeostasis model assessment method- Insulin Resistance) from fasting insulin and fasting glucose.
The study showed that 94.9% of the subjects had low levels of 25(OH) D.
On correlating 25 OHD with variables among obese and overweight subjects it showed a significant negative correlation between vitamin D and FBS and weight SDS, and no correlation was found between vitamin D and BMI, SBP, DBP, HDL, TG, HOMA-IR and fasting insulin.
By Regression Multivariate Analysis applied on vitamin D after adjustment of age, sex, education and energy intake, showed that W.SDS, WC, HC, W/H ratio, FBS, Fasting Insulin, HOMA IR and QUICKI had significant relations with vitamin D.
In our study as regard deferent definitions of metabolic syndrome we found that there were a significant higher values in subjects had metabolic syndrome than subjects had no metabolic syndrome specially in SBP, DBP, TG and HDL.
In conclusion obese children exhibit a state of hypovitaminosis D with no correlation found between vitamin D states and the metabolic risk factors and insulin resistance.