الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
In 2000, the World Health Organization (WHO) labeled obesity as the most blatantly visible, but most neglected, public-health problem worldwide. Obesity is a worldwide problem that reached epidemic level in the past decade, Global obesity has doubled in the period between 1980 and 2008 with 2.8 million deaths attributable to this disease, and this is predicted to increase to 1.5 billion by 2015, 300 million of whom are classified as obese.
Weight-loss operations can be divided into restrictive procedures and malabsorptive procedures. Malabsorptive procedures reduce the absorption of calories, proteins, and other nutrients. In contrast, restrictive bariatric procedures decrease food intake and promote a feeling of fullness (satiety) following meals. Some operations are a combination of both.LSG is examples of purely restrictive procedure and LRYGB is example for combined procedure.
At present, bariatric surgery represents the main option for obtaining substantial and long-term weight loss in morbidly obese (BMI 40 kg/m2) or obese (BMI 35 kg/m2) individuals who also have other co-morbidities. The laparoscopic approach has enabled the significant increase in the number of bariatric procedures and numerous different operative techniques are presently advocated. Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is the most frequently performed bariatric procedure providing significant and sustained weight loss at long-term follow-up. It is considered the gold standard in bariatric surgery and other bariatric procedures should be compared with RYGB. Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy was originally intended as a bridge procedure for high-risk superobese patients preceding the definitive bariatric procedure. The promising results of SG in terms of weight loss and resolution of comorbidities have rendered SG to be increasingly evaluated as the final treatment for morbid obesity. These challenges have inspired the search for an ideal surgery and explain the dynamic nature and evolution of the field of bariatric surgery.