الفهرس 
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Abstract
Abstract
Mobile Ad hoc network MANET is a self-organizing and self-configuring multi-hop wireless network, where the topology of the network changes dynamically. Nodes in these networks cooperate in a friendly manner in order to engage themselves in a multi-hop forwarding behavior. Security attacks and limited energy are the most critical issues in mobile ad hoc networks. Multi-hop routing, random movement of mobile nodes and other features unique to MANET lead to enormous communication overhead for route discovery and maintenance. Meanwhile, to save energy, some nodes may opt for routing misbehavior such that they take part in routes finding process but do not forward data packets. Detecting and mitigating routing misbehavior, forcing malicious nodes to cooperate, and extending lifetime of the network should be considered in routing decisions in MANET.
This thesis proposes a Power Aware Cooperation Enforcement (PACE) distributed mechanism to help nodes make intelligent routing and forwarding decisions. Its functionality resides between the network and MAC layers of the protocol stack. The proposed distributed mechanism combines the knowledge of misbehaving nodes and link reliability to pick the most reliable path with highest residual energy for routing decision. To enforce malicious nodes to cooperate, other nodes will isolate them from the network by rejecting all their traffics. To evaluate the efficiency of this mechanism, it was integrated with well known AOMDV and DSR MANET routing protocols.
An extensive simulation study was conducted to evaluate and compare the performance of enhanced versions of these routing protocols. We measure the accuracy of detecting malicious nodes, throughput, delay, routing overhead, and residual energy of the MANET with different scenarios.
Integrating PACE mechanism with DSR and AOMDV helped to detect and isolate malicious nodes in the network. Moreover, it obtained safe
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routes bypassing malicious nodes in the network without sacrificing the network performance. Additionally, power aware component incorporated into PACE mechanism managed to save nodes energy despite the high energy consumption by PACE mechanism due to the monitoring and overhearing of neighbor nodes requirement.