الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is the most common metabolic disorder in human. It is characterized by hyperglycemia that results from an absolute or relative insulin deficiency and is associated with long-term complications affecting the eyes, kidneys, heart and nerves. Diabetes mellitus is classified in to two types, insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM, Type 1) and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM, Type 2). Type I diabetes is an autoimmune disease characterized by a local inflammatory reaction in and around islets of pancreas that is followed by selective destruction of insulin-secreting β-cells. Type II diabetes is characterized by peripheral insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion.
Type 1 diabetes is a chronic disease characterized by an absolute loss of insulin secretion, mainly due to the selective autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β-cells. Patients need to continue daily insulin injection and self-monitoring of blood glucose in combination with an adequate age- and physique-matched calorie intake. Accordingly, diabetic children must learn many skills for the self-care of diabetes. Also, insulin has traditionally been viewed as the last pharmacological option to use in a patient with type 2 diabetes.
People having diabetes mellitus usually developing complications and infections in which antibiotics may be needed, fluoroquinolones are not recommended in this case as fluoroquinolones considered main reason for the disturbance of glucose homeostasis including symptomatic hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia.