الفهرس 
مشكلة الدراسة والمفاهيم الأساسيةيوجد فقط 14 صفحة متاحة للعرض العام
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المستخلص
Social and psychological pressures of the working environment has got a great interest from the researchers in the field of sociology, anthropology, and psychology, but their main interest was in Social and psychological pressures of the working environment that focused on the governmental and non governmental institutions whether they were of public services, administrative or productive firms. Except the institutions and the research centers in spite of the existence of Social and psychological pressures of the working environment within, it has not got any interest or no researchers to concern.
Study problem
The researcher is the formulator of the developing process in the research institutions as he plays an important role in performing the researches and in conducting the scientific experiments through which all the equipments of standardizing can be developed and could be used by many sectors in the different work fields.
Consequently, it is possible to tell that Social and psychological pressures of the working environment is one of the challenges that faces the researchers in the research institutions in modern time.
According to labs and equipments levels, quality size, and its perfection when they are compared to the international institutions, it may consider the same level.
The student were working in one of the institutions (the National institution for Measurements and Criteria) and by contacting with other research institutions like (Petroleum research Institution) in which it was mandated to work there for one year, that is why she has got a chance to control many of the social and psychological pressures that face the researchers and its negative impact on their performance level. Most of these Institutions look at the social and psychological pressures in a limited look. Concept of the social and psychological pressures and what it carries from positive or negative meanings that impact on the researchers’ performance in these institutions is not clear.
Moreover, the administration doesn’t pay its interest for the Social and psychological pressures of the working environment. Thus it is quiet sure for the student the significance of the question then to study.
Research problem crystallized in Identifying the impact of the Social and psychological pressures and its negative impact on their performance.
The study importance
This study is concentrating on two elemental sides:
(1) Scientific importance presented in:
(A) Studies and research rareness that conducted on Social and psychological pressures of the working environment studies when compared to the studies conducted on the work environment pressures and psychological pressures.
(B) The study is an attempt to revive the research heritage of the sociology by modern social formulae.
(C) A trial to attain many scientific in order to face this formula.
(2) Practical importance: presented as follow:
(A) Exploring the sources of the social and the psychological pressures that face the researchers while working in the work environment.
(B) Determining the work pressures levels in the research institutions.
(C) Establishing the suitable solutions to avoid all these social and the psychological pressures before the decision makers.
Aim of the Study:
The study aims at identifying the impact of the social and the psychological pressures on the researchers’ performance who work in the research institutions, which could be crystallized in the following points:
(1) Exploring the sources of the social and the psychological pressures in the research work environment.
(2) Identifying the types of the social and the psychological pressures in the research work environment.
(3) Identifying the impact of the social and the psychological pressures on the researchers’ performance.
(4) Identifying the role played by the high leaderships to face Social and psychological pressures of the working environment.
Study Questions:
The study is attempting to answer the main question: what is the effect of the social and psychological pressures on the researchers of the research institution?
(1) What is the effect of the social and psychological pressures on the researchers’ performance?
(2) What are the pressures types and how long its effect on the researchers performance.
(3) How can the high leadership deal with the social and psychological work pressures?
Study curriculum actions
Study type and the method used: the study belongs to the descriptive, analytical studies which depended on the survey methodological method by choosing a sample to check a great sample from the public who were chosen by two tools, one is of quantity and the other is of quality.
Study tools
While questionnaire, the field study depended on:
(A) Questionnaire: to be applied on the greatest sample as it is composed in the current research by many elemental sides:
The first Side: it is handling the basic data.
The second Side: the sources of the social and the psychological pressures in the research work environment.
The third Side: Types of the social, psychological, environmental pressures in the work research environment.
The fourth Side: the impact of the social and the psychological pressures on the researchers’ performance.
The fifth Side: the role played by the high leaderships to face Social and psychological pressures of the working environment.
(B) Qualitative tool: the study depended on the data collected in the field; the student gives many questions to the study sample to register in a record. A student designed an interview guide includes many questions that totally form a translation for the study goals and its main questions.
Evidence of the questionnaire form
The questionnaire form selected by the following:
(1) Arbitrators believe: This stage aims at making sure of questionnaire validity and how it suits the research purposes. To verify that it has been shown to numbers of the arbitrators of the scientific and methodological experience in the field of sociology and psychology before its application by the aim of directing the student towards the areas of shortage of the questionnaire and questions logicality. Student made much use of collecting the observations revealed by the arbitrators and reformulated its performance with reference to their observations and suggestions, thus it was sure of its commitment.
(2) Stability: Stability was chosen by the way of reapplication through applying the questionnaire form two times on twenty beneficent from the study group with an interval time two weeks between the two times. The stability coefficient was calculated (85%) as it is considered as an applicator high rate to the application.
Study sample
The national institute of Measurements and calibration of the academy of Scientific research located in Al haram street in ElGiza Governorate by a number of researchers (200) and the institute of petroleum research of the scientific research academy exists in Nasr City and with a number of researchers (300) .
The study group presented in (500) researchers, 50% of them was selected by 250 researchers randomly from the regular payroll workers.
Data analytical designation
There was an analytical statistics for the data by the use of (SPSS).
The statistic package for social sciences.
• Calculating of the ratio and the statistic significance for the rates.
• Cross Tabulations designing that shows the relationship between the variables.
• Using of the (Ka2) Labs to discover the spirituality of the relationship between the variables included in the study.
Study conclusions
The study reached to the following results:
Referring to the first question: what is the effect of the social pressures on the researchers’ performance?
*Increasing the rate of those who do not see objective criteria to evaluate the performance.
*Field data showed the increase of the rate of those who see objectivity for what they get as a materialistic reward for they do from an effort by 45.2% as they got the first rank, then those who do not see objectivity for what they get as a materialistic reward for they do from an effort by 30.8% as he got the second rank, then who see objectivity to some extent by 24%.
Referring to the second question: what are the type of the psychological pressures and how long it affects the researchers’ performance?
*increasing those who do not see problem existing by the increase of workers numbers in work location.
*Field data made sure of increasing those who do not see problem existing by the increase of workers numbers in work location by the ratio 76.8% as they got the first rank which reveals the workers suitability with work size which may affect work performance rates and those who see problem existing by the increase of workers numbers by the rate 15.2%, then those who answered by the problem existence of workers increase to %8.
* Field data made sure of increasing those who see problem existence presented by the psychological work pressures before the researcher to continue her success by %57.6 as it got the first rank, followed by those who answered by the existence of the problem presented by psychological work pressures to some extent %29.6 then those who do not see a problem by the psychological work pressures %12.8.
Referring to the third question: How the high leaderships deal with the psychological and the social pressures?
The administrative leaderships provided solutions to the researchers’ social problems in the institution by the following schedule:
*Field data made sure of increasing those who see the increasing rate of those who see that the administration do not solve the administrative problems for the researchers by %62(NO) to (%20.4) (yes) and (%17.6) to some extent.
*Increasing the rate of those who do not suffer from tension relationship between me and my colleagues and bosses in work.
* Increasing the rate of those who see that the leaderships do not execute any social activities in the institution.
* Statistic analyses indicate that there are significant statistic differences concerning the physical and environmental pressures types with reference to the service period in the current position in the significant level of 0.01 and the Statistic analyses show increasing of the rate for those who spent less than 5 years in the current position by the average of 20.39, and standard deviation 2,772 in the first rank followed by those who spent ten years and more in the current position by the average 19,17 and standard deviation 04,082
Interview Guide Conclusions:
With reference to the pressures by which the researchers are opposed in the research institutions, the current results of the open interview made sure of pressures varied that oppose the researchers, first the need for a long time to perform their researches. Most of the cases see that the materialistic facilities not provided lack of equipments, in addition to the physical problems presented in location narrowness, and administrative problems presented in routine with the socio-psychological pressures.
* Concerning the pressures reasons, the interview results analyses made sure of or emphasized on varying of these reasons presented in not communicating between the researchers and the administration, and no encouragement for the researchers, not providing a suitable atmosphere, no safety provide in labs, shortage of the science package, raise of the price of the equipments and chemicals.
Study recommendations
The current research concluded to the following recommendations:
(1) Administration interest to solve the administrative problems for the researchers as it affects negatively on their performance.
(2) Objectivity in handling the merits standards, as not revealing these standards or not being objective may affect negatively on the researchers performance.
(3) Necessity of existence for an objective performance evaluation.
(4) Paying an interest for work relationship development and positive competition to face the negative conflicts between the researchers.
The current study handled in eight chapters, the first chapter handled the study problem and the elemental concepts while showing the study problem, its importance, and its goals, its questions, and the study concepts.
The second chapter handled the previous studies through four sides: Studies focused on the social pressures, Studies focused on the psychological pressures, Studies focused on the working environment, the current Study focused on the map of the previous studies.
The third chapter showed the Social and psychological pressures of the working environment (sociological analysis).
The fourth chapter handled the study curriculum procedures like: study type, study method, study population, research tools, study fields, study sample, truthfulness and stability of the questionnaire, sample study characteristics, study analyzing and explanation plan.
The Fifth Chapter handled the sources of the social and the psychological pressures.
The sixth chapter handled the effects of the social, environment, and the psychological pressures on the researchers’ performance, and the role of the leaderships to face them. The seventh chapter handled the study results and its recommendations.