الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The purpose of this study was to manufacture and evaluation of a preconditioner and its impact on extruder productivity, energy requirements, bulk density, total protein, expansion ratio and pellet durability. The extruder machine was used under the different levels of temperature (100,110 and120oc), feeding rate (114, 228,342 and 456 kg/h), shaft paddle angle (15, 30 and 45o) and type-pass preconditioner (control, single-pass stage and double-pass stage) at constant values of die hole diameter of 4 mm. The evaluation included extruder productivity, energy requirements, pellets quality (durability, bulk density, pellet expansion, water absorption index and water solubility index) and total protein. The obtained data showed that, the highest values of extruder productivity of 462.10 kg/h, and the lowest energy requirements of 38.69 kW.h/Mg, were recorded in the case of 120oc of steam temperature, 15o paddle angle, 456 kg/h feeding rate under double pass stage of preconditioner while the highest values of pellets bulk density (768.28 kg/m3) was recorded in the case of 120OC steam temperature, 45o paddle angle and 114 kg/h feeding rate under double pass stage of preconditioner. The highest values of durability (97.75%) was recorded in the case of control,15o paddle angle, 114 kg/h feeding rate and 120oc steam temperature under double pass stage of preconditioner, the optimum results for pellet expansion, water solubility index and water absorption index were 35. 89%, 8.45%, and 4.21 respectively.