الفهرس 
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Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate and compare between a
newly- introduced bioceramic material (I Root BP) versus Mineral Trioxide
Aggregate (MTA) as root-end filling materials. The two materials were
compared regarding the following:
Part I: (In-Vitro Study) to evaluate:
1- Sealing ability of bioceramic material (I Root BP) versus Mineral
Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) at different time intervals when used as
retrograde filling materials (in extracted human incisors using the dye
extraction method).
2- Marginal adaptation of the two filling materials to the dentinal
walls of the root-end cavity (using Scanning Electron Microscopic
examination).
Part II: (In-Vivo Animal Study):
Histopathological evaluation of the intra-osseous biocompatibility of
the two materials at three observation periods (2 weeks, 4 weeks and 8
weeks) in experimental rabbits.
Part III: (Clinical Human Study):
Clinical and radiographic assessment of the effect of (I Root BP)
versus (MTA) on periapical bone healing acceleration when used as
retrograde filling materials in selected endodontic clinical cases indicated
for periradicular surgery.