الفهرس 
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Abstract
Matter has distinct levels of structure. For example, atoms, once considered the ultimate
building blocks, are themselves composed of nuclei and electrons. The nucleus, in turn,
consists of protons and neutrons, which we now believe are made of quarks and gluons.
Gaining an understanding of the fundamental structure of matter has not been an easy
achievement, primarily because the dimensions of the constituents are so small For example,
the typical size of an atom is about10−8cm.