الفهرس 
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Abstract
This study investigates the phenomenon of shifts in literary translation through analyzing the translation of Yusuf Idris’ two short stories Arkhas Layali as The Cheapest Nights translated by Wadida Wassef, and Jumhuriyat Farahat as Farahat’s Republic translated by Denyse Johnson Davies to study the effectiveness of these translation shifts in establishing textual and discourse equivalence. Translation shifts means those changes that occur during the process of translation. The analysis is at the lexical and syntactic levels. The study also investigates the effect of cultural losses on the levels of lexical and syntactic cohesion. The analysis is based on Catford’s (1965) and Baker’s (1992) ”Textual Equivalence” theories.
The results of the study show that lexical and syntactic shifts have great effects on both the meaning and cohesion of the translated text. They also show that cultural losses resulting from the systemic differences between English and Arabic, most of the times, lead to translation shifts which in turn affect the meaning of the translated text.
Key words: Translation shifts - textual equivalence - cultural losses - cohesion - meaning.