الفهرس 
Definitions and EpidemiologyOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
SUMMARY & CONCLUSION
This was a cross sectional study conducted to assess the knowledge of doctors and nurses regarding NSI and their practices. In addition, it measured prevalence of NSI during 2011 and 2012.
This study revealed that there was no difference between nurses and doctors, knowledge regarding NSI. Concerning health care workers’ knowledge about diseases transmitted by NSI: 89.7%, 94.0% and 87.8% were aware of the fact that HBV, HCV and HIV respectively could be transmitted by NSI.
The present study shows that only 37.4% of participants had history of participation in a training program about NSI. More than 90% knew that it is not safe to use syringe between patients if the needle is changed. Moreover, it was found that 70 (29.8%) of doctors and nurses who participated thought that there is over prescription of injections in the hospital while 109 (46.4%) denied that and 56 (23.8%) did not know.
The most effective means of preventing transmission of blood-borne pathogens is to prevent exposure to NSIs by implementing standard precautions.
In this study, regarding the knowledge of doctors and nurses about the standard precautions it was found that, 87.9% of participants knew the correct final disposal of needles and sharps (dispose sharps in sharp container with removing syringe). Eighty six and half percent of participants knew that gloves are required for any contact with patients and about 78% of HCWs who participated in the study knew that they should not ever recap used needle.
The study concluded that the knowledge of preventive measures to be practiced regarding occupational exposure to blood and body fluids was found to be adequate among the study group whereas in practice it was not satisfactory as only 62% of HCWs performed hand hygiene (either by soup and water or alcohol based hand rub) before preparing an injection and 45 (90%) of HCWs were wearing gloves during injections.
In addition, 42 (84%) of HCWs clean patient’s skin with an antiseptic, 44 (88%) of HCWs do not recap used needles and use needle remover, 35 (70%) of HCWs immediately disposed of used needles.
As regard, measuring the prevalence of NSI during the years of 2011 and 2012 it was found that nurses had the highest percent of NSIs (66.67% and 71.84% respectively).
On the other hand, NSI prevalence according to location of exposure inside the hospital showed that the highest occurrence of NSIs was in CCU in both years, followed by SICU in 2011 and followed by one of inpatient wards in 2012.
In the current study, the commonest type of exposure during 2011 was during handling instruments (passing equipment to another HCW, during disposal, after use and before disposal) representing 23% of the total injuries, while in 2012 was during recapping insulin pen (14.56%).
The highest percent of NSIs during 2011 was in January, which could be explained by unstable political conditions. However, NSIs was highest in August during 2012.