الفهرس 
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Abstract
This study aimed to determine the relationship between
osteoarthritis, either localized or generalized, osteoporosis and bone
turnover markers in postmenopausal women.
The study included one hundred postmenopausal patients who
had general good health and diagnosed as knee osteoarthritis patients.
Patients were divided into two groups (localized and generalized)
according to Dougadous crieteria.
All patients underwent the following:-
Complete history taking.
General examination.
Local examination was done for both knees, lumbosacral spine,
hand joints.
Neurological examination.
Laboratory investigations that included the measurement of
urinary and serum calcium and phosphorus (total and ionized),
serum osteocalcin and serum bone- specific alkaline
phosphates.
Radiological investigations including plain x-ray radiographs
for hand ( Posterior Anterior view), both knees (anteriorposterior
and lateral views) and lumbo-sacral spine (lateral
view) and assessment of bone mineral density of the lumbar
spine (L2-L4), total hip and distal forearm by dual energy x-ray
absorptiometry technique using DEXA machine.
Summary
139
The results of this study revealed the following:
The age among the studied patients was of a mean of 57.8 ±
SD 4.269 with 85% of them were housewives, age at
menopause was of a mean of 50.50 ± SD 3.69.
Menopause duration was of a mean of 7.30 ± SD 4.23 BMI was
of a mean of 35.91 ± SD 6.90 and 66% of patients were
diagnosed as localized OA while 33% of them were diagnosed
generalized OA.
The lowest BMD values were at L2 – L4 T-score (Mean 1.01 ±
SD –1.69).
There was statistical significant increase in patients with
localized OA more than in patients with generalized OA
regarding age at menopause.
There was statistical significant increase in patients with
localized OA in comparison with patients with generalized OA
regarding serum calcium.
There was statistical significant increase in patients with
generalized OA in comparison with patients with localized OA
regarding serum urinary phosphorus, serum osteocalcin and
serum bone – specific alkaline phosphatase.
There was statistical significant increase in T-score at L2 – L4
spine in patients with generalized OA when compared with
patients with localized OA.
A statistical significant increase of L2 – L4 T-score among each
grade was observed between grades 0 and II, grades 0 and III,
grades I & III, and grades II and III was observed.
Summary
140
A statistical significant increase of L2 – L4 spine T- score
among each grade was observed between grades I and IV,
grades II and IV and grades III and IV.
A statistical significant increase of femoral head T-score among
each grade was observed between grade I and III, grades I and
IV, grades II and IV and grades III and IV.
A statistical significant increase of distal radious T-score among
each grade was observed between grades I and II, grades I and
III, grades I and IV, grades II and III, grades II and IV and
grades III and IV.
There was statistical significant increase in BMD values among
radiological grades of hand as follows:
T-Score at femoral head (grade 0 versus grade I and grade
0 versus II).
T- score at distal radius (grade 0 versus grade II).
Serum calcium was statistically significantly negatively
correlated with T- scores at L2 – L4 spine, femoral head & distal
radius.
Serum phosphorus was statistically significantly negatively
correlated with T-scores of femoral head and distal radius.
Urinary calcium was statistically significantly negatively
correlated with L2 – L4 spine T-score.
There was a positive correlation between urinary phosphorus
and BMD values among the studied patients reaching a
significant level for femoral head T-score.
Summary
141
There was a positive correlation between serum osteocalcin and
BMD values among the studied patients reaching a significant
level for L2 – L4 spine T-score.
Serum bone- specific alkaline phasphatase among the studied
patients was statistically significantly negatively correlated with
T-score of L2 – L4 spine, femoral head and distal radius.