الفهرس 
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Abstract
ADHD is the most prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder
worldwide, affects between 5% - 10% of school-age children and was
found to persist through adolescence and adulthood in 30% - 50% of
these individuals. It ’s 3-9 times more in boys than in girls. ADHD is
considered to be a school day disorder, affecting mostly a child’s
performance in school, home and other settings. For children with
epilepsy, it has been reported that the prevalence of ADHD is much
higher than in the general pediatric population ranging widely between
8% and 77%.
The aim of the present study was to detect electrophysiological and
biochemical changes in children with ADHD and/or epilepsy. The present
study was carried out on 100 children their ages ranged from 2 years to
10 years. The patients were randomly selected from those attending the
pediatric neurology clinic in Menoufia University Hospital and those
admitted in pediatric department in Suzane Mubarak hospital. Subjects
were divided into 4 groups; the first group was the control group, the
second group was ADHD group diagnosed according to history, clinical
examination and DSM-IV criteria, the third group was epilepsy group
diagnosed according to history, clinical examination, laboratory
investigations and EEG and finally the fourth group was ADHD with
epilepsy group diagnosed according to history, clinical examination,
DSM-IV criteria, laboratory investigations and EEG.
Patients and control were subjected to the following; history,
clinical examination, diagnosis of ADHD, EEG and laboratory
investigation of serum ferritin, Zn, MDA, GST, and ADA.
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Summary
The socio-demographic data results showed that the male: female
ratio was significantly higher in ADHD and ADHD with epilepsy groups
when compared to the corresponding value in control group. The number
of patients with positive family history of seizures and neurological
diseases was significantly higher in epilepsy and ADHD with epilepsy
groups when compared to the corresponding value in control group.
There was insignificant difference between groups regarding the age,
consanguinity and developmental history. The inattention was the most
prevalent subtype of ADHD in ADHD with epilepsy group while the
combined inattention and hyperactivity was the most prevalent subtype of
ADHD in ADHD group. The number of patients with delayed speech
development was significantly higher in ADHD and ADHD with epilepsy
groups when compared to the corresponding value in control group. The
number of patients with generalized myoclonic and complex partial
seizures was significantly higher in ADHD with epilepsy group when
compared to the corresponding values in epilepsy group.
The electrophysiological results revealed that the number of
patients with abnormal EEG was significantly higher in epilepsy and
ADHD with epilepsy groups when compared to the corresponding value
in control group. Also, the site of epileptogenic activity was mainly from
temporal lobe in epilepsy group, but the frontal lobe was the site of
epileptogeic activity in ADHD with epilepsy group.
The biochemical results demonstrated that the mean value of serum
ferritin was significantly lower in ADHD group when compared to the
corresponding value in control group. In epilepsy group, the mean value
of serum ferritin was insignificantly different when compared to the
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Summary
corresponding value in control group, on the other hand, in ADHD with
epilepsy group the mean value of serum ferritin was significantly higher
when compared to the corresponding value in control group. The mean
value of serum Zn was significantly higher in ADHD, epilepsy, and
ADHD with epilepsy groups when compared to the corresponding value
in control group. The mean value of serum MDA was significantly
higher in ADHD, epilepsy, and ADHD with epilepsy groups when
compared to the corresponding value in control group. The mean value of
serum GST was significantly lower in ADHD, epilepsy, and ADHD with
epilepsy groups when compared to the corresponding value in control
group. There was insignificant difference in the mean value of serum
ADA in ADHD, epilepsy, and ADHD with epilepsy groups when
compared to the corresponding value in control .