الفهرس 
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Abstract
Childhood cancer (defined here as cancer in children aged 0–15 years) constitutes only a small proportion of the global cancer burden, but 84% of childhood cancers occur in the low-income and middle-income countries, where nearly 90% of the world’s children live and where access to care is poor (World Bank .,2012) .
Patterns of childhood cancer incidence across the world have undergone substantial changes as a result of industrialization and economic development. However, the economies of most countries remain at an early or intermediate stage of development—these stages are characterized by poverty, too few health-care providers, weak health systems, and poor access to education, modern technology, and health care because of scattered rural populations (Magrath et al., 2013).
Our aim in this study was to determine the patterns of childhood cancer in Minia Oncology Center, Minia Governorate, Egypt. And do comparison between these patterns and different patterns all over the world.
The present study included 716 children starting with the 1st patient referred to Pediatric Outpatient Clinic of Minia oncology center on January 1st 2005 and ending with the last patient reached the Clinic by the end of December 2010.
Out of 716 cases occasioned into the registry 602 cases were confirmed to have a histological proof or a laboratory evidence of cancer. The relative frequency of childhood cancer was 4.35% (602/13839) of all cases with malignant neoplasms referred to Minia oncology center registry during the period between 2005 and 2010.
Our study showed that:
* The distribution of children with cancer according to the type of malignancy revealed that, hematological malignancies (leukemias and lymphomas) were the commonest tumors encountered in 299 cases (49.7%) of the whole study group followed by tumors of central nervous system, 91 cases (15.1%) followed by bone sarcomas, 42 cases (6.9%) followed by Wilm’s tumors 36 cases (5.9%) followed by neuroblastomas 34 cases (5.6%) followed by soft tissue sarcomas 31 cases (5.1%) followed by retinoblastoma, 24 cases (4 %) followed by primary hepatic tumors 19 cases (3.2%)followed by Carcinomas 18 cases (3%), then histiocytosis 8 cases (1.4%).
* The distribution of children with cancer according to the gender revealed that males were predominant and the total male to female ratio was 1.28:1.
* The male predominance in most types of cancer was evident. The highest ratio was that of Histocytosis 7:1. The female predominance was found in cases of Neuroblastoma, Bone sarcomas and soft tissue sarcomas.
* Among the study group 127 children (21.1%) were younger than 3 years, 181 children (30.1%) between 3-6 years, 88 children (14.6%) between 6-9 years, 99 children (16.5%) between 9-12 years, 107 children (17.8%) between 12-15 years.
* The most of the children with cancer came from the rural areas (74%) compared to (26 %) from urban areas.
* There was a descending manner of the number of cases from 2005 to 2010 and that was due to referral system to Children Cancer 57357 Hospital which eventually opened in 2007.