الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) belong to a class of small non-coding regulatory RNA typically 22 nucleotides in length act through binding to the 3’-UTR (Untranslated region) of target mRNA leading to transcriptional repression or degradation of the target mRNA at the post-transcriptional level. MicroRNA-146a is one of the inflammation-related miRNAs that plays an important role in the immune system. Its expression in inflammatory cells is induced by nuclear factor-κB-dependent. MiRNA-146a causes negative feedback regulation of the innate immune response via targeting the pro-inflammatory adapter proteins tumor necrosis receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) and interleukin-1 receptor associated kinase 1(IRAK 1). By activation of these two targets protein (IRAK1 and TRAF6) lead to activation of NF-κB which promotes the transcription of the miR-146a gene that, in turn down-regulates two key adapter molecules, TRAF6 and IRAK1, to decrease NF-κB activity. This work designed to evaluate whether microRNA-146a and its adapter proteins (TRAF6 and IRAK1) are involved in different metabolic disorders like type 2 Diabetes, Obesity, Hypoxia and Osteoarthritis. To achieve that the following protocol was followed : One hundred and Sixty male adult albino rats were divided into four main groups.