الفهرس | Only 14 pages are availabe for public view |
Abstract Postcolonialism is a literary school which descends from postmodernism that interrogates, argues, and destabilizes the fixity which thought to be never disturbed before. In other words, postmodernism makes several dominant icons fall by deconstructive and non adaptive dialectical thought. For instance, imperialism and the traditional binary opposites which set fixed relationship between colonizer and colonized, master and subaltern in the era of modernism is turned upside down and defeated by postmodernism`s descendent postcolonialism which investigates terms such as diaspora and hybridity in the Third World or the ex colonized literary works of art. This study does not examine, diaspora and hybridity as solid post- colonialist terms, rather, they are set in multiple paradigms that I see more fitting, and appropriate for the different significations which both terms contain. The first chapter defines, explores, and investigates new paradigms of diaspora and hybridity namely; nostalgic, and hybrid diaspora, tolerant and hegemonic hybridity. In addition, the contemporary position of each paradigm at the world stage is clearly surveyed. The following four chapters attempt to investigate paradigms of diaspora and hybridity in four novels namely; A House for Mr Biswas (1961) by V.S Naipaul (1932- ), White Teeth (2000) by Zadie Smith (1975- ), Jasmine (1989) by Bharati Mukherjee (1940- ), and In the Eye of the Sun (1993) by Ahdaf Soueif (1950- ). Then, the conclusion comes at the end to round up the chapters involved in the thesis, and to compare the four narratives with each other as well. V.S Naipaul (Noble prize winner in 2001) is a Hindu- Trinidadian- English writer. His great grandfather migrated from India (1880) to work as indentured laborer in Trinidad`s sugar plantations. Naipaul`s father became a journalist and that allowed him to educate his son in an English school where Naipaul won a Trinidadian government scholarship that allowed him to study in England where Naipaul migrated later. In England, he wrote numerous fictional works such as Miguel Street (1959), A House for Mr Biswas (1961), The Mimic Men(1967), In a Free State (1971) which won Booker prize, A Bend in the River (1979), and Magic Seeds (2004). Zadie Smith is a Jamaican English writer, her mother is a Jamaican immigrant who departed her home and got married to a British citizen (Smith`s father). Smith completed her education in Cambridge where she wrote her first novel White Teeth (2000) which was included in Time magazine as one of the best English-language novels from 1923 to 2005. Smith, then wrote several narratives such as The Autograph Man (2002), On Beauty (2005), and The Embassy of Cambodia (2013). Bharati Mukherjee is a Hindu-American novelist who was born in West Bengal, India, she lived for some time there before migrating to the United States where Mukherjee completed her education at the University of Iowa and received her Ph.D in comparative literature. Mukherjee wrote many novels such as The Tiger`s Daughter (1971), Jasmine (1989), Desirable Daughters (2002), and Miss India (2011). Ahdaf Soueif is an Egyptian-English writer who lived and educated in Cairo before leaving to England where she completes her Ph.D. Soueif is a novelist, and political and cultural commentator who wrote multiple fictional works of art such as In the Eye of the Sun (1993), Map of Love (1999) which was shortlisted for the Booker prize. She has also published two short stories namely; Aisha (1983), and Sandpiper (1996). |