الفهرس 
COVEROnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 16 |  |  |
| | | from | 16 | | |
Abstract
There is a multitude of positioning systems used in practice. Some of which are purely terrestrial; while others are electronic navigation. either land, sea, or airborne; whereas the rest are based on the space satellite technology. Of course, one should expect such systems to vary in the final results and obtainable accuracy, according to the used type of sensors, the methodology of a<•quiring measurements, data processing and analysis, as well as the adopted coordmatc frame, to which the sought position is related. Practical experimental and theoretical research works, have proved that the optimal positioning accuracies can be achieved, via integrating two or more of such positioning systems toge1hcr,
with an optimized methodology of minimizing the error budget inherently existing within each individual system. The present investigation concentrates on the Inertial Surveying System (ISS), and its integration with other positioning sensors, especially the Global Positioning System (GPS)
There are two basic motivations behind undertaking the current study. Firstly, the ISS has not been used yet in Egypt, particularly in surveying and mapping applications, by both civil and military responsible surveying organizations. Secondly, the concept of integrating the ISS with GPS and other positioning sensors, has not been applied in Egypt so far. This could be attributed to the relatively high expenses of acquiring ISS units, and lack of Egyptian expertise for operating and running such a system efficiently. However, this is not the case with GPS, since several units are existing in Egypt over the past ten years, and are used efficiently in geodetic and navigation positioning.
Consequcmly, the main objective here, is to prepare a seJf.contained thesis, indicating the concept, system components, system operation and error analysis, data processing; and possible practical applications, for both ISS and GPS systems, as well as their integration together and with other sensors. In addition. the necessary computations, depending on the available data and software packages, for ISSIGPS integrated system are performed, and the