الفهرس 
DEFINITION AND CAUSES OF OBESITYOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
besity is an extremely significant and increasing public health challeng in both economically developed and developing regions of the world.
Obesity is associated with markedly reduced life expectancy, thus becoming a leading cause of preventable deaths.
It has been shown to be associated with hypertension, hyperlipidemia, coronary artery disease abnormal glucose tolerance or diabetes, sleep apnea, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and certain cancers including esophageal, pancreatic, renal cell, postmenopausal breast, endometrial, cervical, and prostate cancers.
Bariatric surgery procedures are indicated for patients with clinically severe obesity. Currently, these procedures are the most successful and durable treatment for obesity.
Sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) is an innovative approach to the surgical management of morbid obesity. Weight loss may be achieved by restrictive and endocrine mechanisms. Early data suggest LSG is efficacious in the management of morbid obesity and may have an important role either as a staged or definitive procedure.
LSG is technically easier when compared to gastric bypass or biliopancreatic diversion, a primary reason for its growing popularity among surgeons and patients. It does, however, as with any other surgical procedure, have a potential for complications that range from 0.7 to 4 % in different series. Some of these complications can be severe and potentially fatal. Therefore, it is important to be thorough in the proper technique and to follow patients closely after surgery to avoid long-term complications or failure.
One of the most feared complications, fortunately rare, are leaks. However, fistula, stenosis, GERD, and pouch dilatation, among others, also can be present.
Leakage usually appears as an acute complication (within 7 days), causing tachycardia, tachypnea, and fever very early on, indicating most often that the patient requires immediate intervention.
The most common site for leak is along the staple line immediately below the gastroesophageal junction.
Several strategies can be used including diagnostic laparoscopy with drainage, insertion of a T-tube in the opening to control the fistula, insertion of an esophagogastric stent to occlude the perforation and to open any associated distal narrowing, or percutaneous drainage with endoscopic stents.