الفهرس 
Review of opportunistic Routing ProtocolsOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Minimizing energy consumption is a fundamental requirement when deploying wireless sensor networks (WSN’s). Accordingly, various control protocols have been proposed, which aim to conserve energy by turning off unnecessary sensors while simultaneously preserving a constant level of routing fidelity. However, although these protocols can generally be integrated with any routing scheme, few of them take specific account of the issues that arise when they are integrated with different routing mechanisms.
Also, in numerous applications of wireless sensor networks (WSN), the reliability of the data collected by sensors is cast as specific Quality of service requirements expressed in terms of the minimum number of sensors needed to perform various tasks. Designing a long- lived sensor network with reliable performance has always been challenging due to the modest nonrenewable energy budget of individual sensors. In such a context, energy-unaware task management protocols may result in uneven expenditure of sensor energy by assigning uneven workloads to sensors. This, in turn, often translates into reduced sensor density around those heavily loaded sensors and may, eventually, lead to the creation of energy holes that partition the network into disconnected islands.
In most of the existing sensor networks, the load is not evenly distributed, making it inefficient in field application. Also, the network unaware uneven node density leads to energy holes depleting faster the network energy. To improve this situation research on energy efficient opportunistic routing (EEOR) has been done earlier which focuses on giving priority to few intermediate forwarder nodes from a set of forwarder list, to transmit the data towards destination. In this research, a novel task management protocol is proposed that distributes task among nodes based on sensor node energy, geographical position, and intermediate forwarder node priority. The proposed opportunistic routing algorithm is simulated using the OPNET network simulator and various scenarios like effect with node density, mobility, geographical positions are analysed. We compared the overall network end to end delay, traffic statistics, packet delivery ratio achieved by efficient task management and equal load distribution among a group of sensor nodes using the proposed protocols against the priority based EEOR technique. Further, simulation manifests that the proposed approach provides better result than EEOR routing protocol in terms of network delay, traffic received, and energy consumption.