الفهرس 
Introduction of solar energyOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Due to the increasing demand of electrical energy in Egypt and also in many neighboring countries around the world, the main problem facing electrical energy production using classical methods such steam power stations is the depletion of fossil fuels. The gap between the electrical energy demand and the continuous increase on the fossil fuel cost make the problem of electricity generation more sophisticated. With the continuous decrease of the photovoltaic (PV) technologies cost, it doesn’t make sense neglecting the importance of electricity production using solar photovoltaic (PV) especially, that the annual average daily energy received is about 6 k〖wh/m〗^2/day in Cairo, Egypt (30°N). In this work, a detailed simulation model including photovoltaic (PV) module characteristics and climatic conditions of Cairo Egypt is developed. The model compares fixed PV systems electrical energy output with photovoltaic (PV) system using concentrators and double axis tracker systems. The comparison includes, the energy generated, area required as well as the cost per kwh generated. The optimality criterion is the cost per kwh generated. The system that gives the minimum cost per kwh is the optimum system. To verify the developed model, the simulation results of fixed PV modules and CPV using tracking system obtained by the model are compared with practical measurements of 40KW peak station erected in Cairo Egypt (30°N).Very good agreement between measured values and results obtained from detailed simulation model. For fixed PV system, the detailed economic analysis showed that it gives minimum cost per kwh generated, Comparisons among these systems are presented.