الفهرس 
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Abstract
Post-operative pain control is a major concern for physicians and also the patients. Adverse effects due to acute pain have been described by a number of studies; a multitude of therapeutic modalities (both pharmacological and non- pharmacological approaches) for pain control have been used (Mentes et al. 2008 ).
It seems that the N-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor is a major affecting site for the effects of magnesium. Magnesium is an antagonist of the NMDA receptor, acting as a non-competitive antagonist, blocking ion channels in a voltage dependent fashion. This receptor is found in many parts of the body, including the nerve endings, and plays a well defined role in modulating pain and a number of inflammatory responses (Ryu et al. 2008 , Liu et al. 2001 , Hollmann et al. 2001 , Koining et al. 1998 ). NMDA receptor antagonists could prevent central sensitization that occurs due to peripheral nociceptive stimulation (Bilir et al. 2007 , Durmus et al, 2006 , Turan et al. 2005).
In our study hemodynamic parameters of both groups were comparable and no patient developed hypotension in any group. Patients who received magnesium sulfate had a longer duration of post-operative analgesia and required lower doses of morphine . There is no statistically significant difference in post-operative hemodynamic parameters of the patients between the two groups .
Conclusion :
In our study , we found that intra-venous magnesium sulfate at dose ( 50 mg/kg ) pre-operatively followed by ( 8 mg/kg/hr ) intra-venous magnesium sulfate infusion intra-operatively ( started with the surgery and continued until the end of surgery ) is safe to use; it improves post-operative analgesia (lower VAS pain score ) and reduces post-operative morphine requirement , with no significant effect on haemodynamics or possibility of complications.