الفهرس 
Introduction &Aim of the workOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Obesity is one of the alarming health problems worldwide. Increased consumption of more foods with high levels of sugar and saturated fats, combined with reduced physical activity, have led to increased obesity rates. There are substantial evidence that male obesity has negative impact on fertility. On the other hand, many studies have focused on the bioavailability of essential oils in maintaining health and preventing different diseases. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate therapeutic effectiveness of administrating marjoram and sage oil extracts in reducing negative impact of obesity on male fertility. The results of the present study indicated that long feeding on high fat diet consisting of (68% powdered normal diet+ 30% melted animal abdominal fat+ 2% extra pure cholesterol) caused the following alterations compared with the control group : 1- Significant increase in the body weight gain and adiposity index, along with non significant changes in weight of testis and other sex organs (epididymis, seminal vesicle and vas deferens). 2- Significant decrease in sperm count, serum testosterone (T) and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), but significant increase in serum estrogen (E2), prolactin (PRL) and leptin, as well as E2/T ratio were observed. 3- Significant elevation in serum and testis lipid fractions [total lipid (TL), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TGs) and phospholipids (PLs)] concentrations. 4- Significant increase in testicular aromatase activity, while testicular 3β-HSD, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and acid phosphatase (ACP) activities were significantly reduced. 5- Significant increase in testis levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyl (PC) and nitric oxide (NO), accompanied by significant decrease in reduced glutathione (GSH) content, as well as γ-glutmyl tranferse (γ-GT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities. 6- Significant increase in G0/G1 phase %, but S-phase % and G2/M phase % were significantly decreased. In contrast, oral administration of marjoram and sage oil extracts showed high capacity in reducing male infertility associated with obesity. This was coffered through a reduction in the lipid profile and inhibiting the increase in MDA, PC and NO levels with enhancing the antioxidant enzyme activities as well as, testicular steroidogenic enzymes, male sex hormones and sperm count. Improved cell cycle stages and decreased percentage of apoptotic proteins (Bax and caspase3), but increased anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and proliferating marker Ki-67, with reduced testicular apoptosis were evidenced. Significant improvement in the histopathological and immunohistochemical changes of the testis were also observed. Results thus suggested that both oils should be considered in the future therapeutic approaches for controlling adverse impacts of obesity on male fertility.