الفهرس 
REVIEW OF LITERATUREOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The aims of this investigation are to study : 1- The
effect of applying herbicides through modern iJTigation systems on weed control efficiency and crop
yield comparing with the conventional methods . 2- The effect of reduction of applied herbicide
rate on both weed control and crop yield, the influence of surfactant on the activity of herbicide
. 3- The effect of irrigation systems on herbicide efficiency.
Two experimental sites were selected to represent different soil types in Egypt . The first one is
in Shalaqan site, and the second site is in Bustan . Different irrigation systems, surface and sub
- surface drip irrigation, solid set sprinkler and experimental size center pivot system were used
for these experiments. Irrigation systems were equipped with different chemical applicators,
(chemical injection tank by pass, venturi device, diaphragm injection pumps and electrical piston
injection pump) . Herbigation studies were conducted with the different irrigation methods on
tomato, wheat, onion, and cotton crops at Shalaqan site, and on potato and peanut crops at Bustan
site . Herbicides were selected as recommended in Egypt . Two application rates were applid, the
first was the recommended application rate, and the second was about 0.75 of it . All herbicide
application treatments were compared with unweeded treatment . Piston and diaphragm pumps were
used in herbigation experiments, with conventional spraying (back sprayer) for comparison . Also,
water use efficiency and herbigation cost analysis were calculated
The results of herbigation experiments were summa rized as follows :
Tomato Experiment :
1- Generally, weed control resulting from herbigation is less than those obtained with conventional
spraying treatments .
2-Weed control was more efficient when using surface drip i rriga tion comparing with sub-surface
drip irrigati on .
\Vhea t Experimen t
I -Treatment under sprinkler irrigation system show that, herbigation was more effective than
conventional methods of weed control. However, wheat crop yield and water use efficiency .
2- Herbigation with surfactant increased weed control which did not affect efficiency, but it had a
reverse effect in wheat crop yield
3- Herbigation with rate of 8.0 g/fed of sulfmeteton-methyl without wetting agent gave the best
results regarding wheat crop yield, weed control and water use efficiency; and cost analysis .
4-Under center pivot system, conventional spraying was slightly more effective comparing with
herbigation method. but herbigation was more economic .
Onion Experiment :
1- Conventional spraying while using drip and pivot irrigation systems gave more effective control
of weeds than herbigation method .
2- For drip iITigation system, onion yield and water use efficiency with herbigation was higher
than conventional spraying by about 11-15%. Also, cost analysis indicated that
herbigation cost was less than traditional spraying by about 20% . For pivot irrigation system,
there is slightly increment byabout
2.5% of onion yield with conventional spraying comparing
with herbigation, but herbigation cost was less by about 6-9% .
3- The total bi omass of weeds under surface drip irrigation was less than under pivot by about 14%
Cotton Experiment :
1- Herbigation treatments were more effective than conventional spraying by about 12% . Herbigation
succeeded in reducing herbi cide application rate by 25% .
2- An increament of 32% was obtained in both yield and water
use efficiency when chemigated by 2.5 kg/fed of Premixes (Cotoran Extra)comparing with the
conventional spraying method
3-Herbigation cost were less than conventional spraying by about 31%
Potato Experiment:
1- For drip iITigation, conventional spraying were more efficient than herbigation when using same
rate of Linuron +monolinuron (Afalon S) application .
2- For sprinkler irrigation system, no significant difference was
observed between herbigation and conventional spraying .
3- Herbigation cost was less than conventional spraying in both drip and sprinkler irrigation
systems by about 23 % and 30%, respecti vely .
4- In spite of the above mentioned results, yield increased at the
high rate of herbigation with Linuron +monolin uron (Afalon S).
Pea n ut Experiment :
Herbigation treatment gave the lower weed control efficiency, crop yield, and water use
efficiency compared with conventional spraying . In general, herbigation can be used at a
recommended herbicide application rate .
Redduction herbicide application is one of the very important issues in environmental pollution and
soil degardation . Therefore, herbigation can be recommended for weed control for the sake of
reducing herbicide application, cost of application , weed control efficiency and increasing yield
under modem irrigation systems .