الفهرس 
EYELID AND FACIAL ANATOMY
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Abstract
Xanthelasma are yellow plaques that occur most commonly near the inner canthus of the eyelid, more often on the upper lid than the lower lid. It can be semisolid, or calcareous. One half of these lesions are associated with elevated plasma lipid levels. Some occur with altered lipoprotein composition or structure, such as lowered high-density lipoprotein levels.They frequently occur in patients with type II hyperlipidemia. Treatment of xanthelasma is with medical and surgical care. Medical Care is with dietary restriction and pharmacologic reduction of serum lipids, although important in the overall care of a patient with abnormal lipids, medical care show only limited response in the treatment of xanthelasma. For surgical Care numerous options are available for the removal of xanthelasma palpebrarum, including surgical excision, laser ablation and chemical cauterization. Surgical excision for small linear lesions is recommended, as scarring should blend in with the surrounding eyelid tissue. Simple excision of larger lesions risks eyelid retraction, ectropion, or the need for more complicated reconstructive procedures. Xanthelasma removal has been incorporated into cosmetic surgery; however, extending the incisional limits of a routine blepharoplasty increases the risk for ectropion formation.