الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 177 |  |  |
| | | from | 177 | | |
Abstract
In this study we used different molecular techniques and samples treatment methods in detection of food and water borne viruses. Several hepatitis A virus (HAV) and human norovirus (HuNoV) outbreaks due to consumption of contaminated strawberry and vegetables have recently been reported. HuNoV, were assessed by viral quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR), whereas HuNoV survival was determined only by quantitative RT-PCR. The resistance of HuNoV genogroup I (GI) was significantly higher than that of HuNoV GII.The results suggest that quantitative RT-PCR and Viral genetic are suitable molecular technique for detection food and water born virus. An outbreak of acute hepatitis A virus in many sites in Egypt was linked to drinking water from a contaminated shallow spring by phylogenetic analysis of HAVgenomic sequences. So HAV and fecal indicators in the water provided useful and timely information to assist with public health prevention and control measures. also In this study we used an immunomagnetic capture method (ICM) and a real-time reverse transcription-PCR assay (rtRT-PCR) were used to quantify hepatitis A virus (HAV) in green onion and strawberry and detection Hepatitis E virus (HEV) and Rotaviruses (RVs) in water samples .This combined protocol detected as low as 0.5 PFU in produce rinses and concentrated viruses levels up to 20-fold. Our molecular epidemiology study showed that genetic variability between the HAV, RV, Nov, HEV and TTV strains isolated from different sites. In this study raw and treated drinking water supplies at plants in two geographic areas, as well as selected irrigation water and corresponding raw vegetables in two regions of Egypt, were screened for the presence of RVs using molecular techniques. group A RVs were detected in 6.6% in raw water, 40% in partially treated and 20% of finally treated drinking water samples and in 40% of irrigation water samples and 50 to 60 % of corresponding raw vegetable samples. Type-specific reverse transcriptase-PCR and sequence analysis revealed the presence of multiple types (G1, G2, G8, and G9) in irrigation water and single types (G1 or G3) in raw and treated drinking water. The results provide new information on RV types in water and related environments and identify the potential risk of waterborne transmission; and detection of TTV-DNA was and HEV in sewage and drinking water samples.
Keywords: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis E, Rotaviruses, Noroviruses, TTV, ultra filtration system, adsorption and elution method, quantitative real time PCR, nPCR and Molecular epidemiology.