الفهرس 
Cover Page Title in EnglishOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 73 |  |  |
| | | from | 73 | | |
Abstract
Avian encephalomyelitis (AE) is an enteroviral infection primarily affecting young chickens and is characterized by dullness, depression, ruffling of feather, disinclination to move, incoordination in movement, paralysis and nervous manifestation as ataxia and tremors, especially of the head and neck and also commonly known as epidemic tremor, is a disease caused by an Enterovirus. The disease poses a particular threat to breeders and layers and may affect turkeys, pheasants and coturnix quail. The disease spreads by vertical as well as horizontal transmission. This lead to increasing the mortality rate in baby chicks. Infected breeders will transmit the AE virus for several weeks and cause a decrease in egg hatchability.
Specific antisera to individual immunoglobulin classes are valuable reagents in many immunological techniques such as immunofluorescent technique.The present thesis was designed to prepare and evaluate AEV antiserum in different hosts and conjugation of such serum with fluorescein isothiocyanate aiming to provide specific antiserum able to detect and identify AEV in accurate; sensitive and rapid manner with law cost as local a preparation.
The present obtained experimental results revealed that:1.Estimation of serum proteins in the prepared anti-AEV sera showed that rabbit serum had the levels of 5.79 0.11; 2.23±0.22 and 3.56±0.12 g/dl for total serum; albumin and globulin respectively; goat serum had the values of 5.82±0.11; 1.61±0.32 and 4.21±0.10g/dl for total serum; albumin and globulin respectively while Guinea pig serum had the levels of 5.05±0.13; 1.19±0.15 and 3.96±0.10g/dl for total serum; albumin and globulin respectively. 2.Rabbit; Guinea pigs and goat anti-AEV hyper immune sera were found to be free from foreign contaminants (aerobic and anaerobic bacteria; fungi and mycoplasma). These sera were titrated using SNT which revealed gradual increasing in AEV antibodies recorded their peaks by the 5th week post animal immunization as 256; 128 and 512 in rabbit; Guinea pig and goat’s sera respectively.3. Application of direct fluorescent antibody technique on Vero cell culture infected with AEV using 10 fold dilutions of the prepared conjugated antisera with FITC; revealed that rabbit and goat sera showed clear very strong positive reactions (4+) as apple green dots up to dilution of 1:100 and 1:10000 respectively. Strong positive reactions (3-4+) were noticed on using serum dilutions 1:1000 of rabbit and 1:100 of Guinea pig sera and 1: 100000 of goat serum. Serum dilution of 1:10000 showed moderate positive FAT (2+) using rabbit serum while such degree was obtained with a dilution of 1:1000 of Guinea pig serum. Weak reaction (+) was noticed with a dilution of 1:100000 of rabbit serum and 1:10000 of Guinea pig serum and 1:1000000 of goat serum. Further dilutions revealed negative reactions. The prepared anti AEV sera conjugated with FITC has high efficacy that give chance for serological diagnosis of the virus in accurate, sensitive and rapid manner without any need for importation of such preparations that need long time and high costs.