الفهرس 
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Abstract
In this study we aimed to evaluate urinary podocalyxin (U-PCX) as an early marker of diabetic nephropathy in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes and correlate it with other parameters.
This study included: Sixty (60) children with type 1 diabetes as a study group and twenty five (25) chidren were taken as a control group.
Diabetic children less than 5 years and more than 18 years with duration of diabetes less than 4 years were excluded. Control subjects were chosen to have no regular medications as well as diabetes or hypertension.
The study and control group included in our study were subjected to complete history taking, through clinical examination with stress on anthropometic measures and blood pressure evaluation.They were also subjected to some laboratory investigations including renal function tests, glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) , urinary albumin excretion by detecting albumin creatinine ratio (ACR) , glomerular filteration rate by (GFR) using Schwartz equation and urinary podocalyxin (U-PCX) by ELISA.
Our study showed that urinary podocalyxin in diabetic children and adolescents was significantly higher than the control group, and it correlated positively with glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and albuminuria. On the other side, there were no correlation between U-PCX and each of: e GFR, renal function, systemic blood pressure or duration of diabetes.
Furthermore, our study showed that elevated levels of urinary podocalyxin were observed in the normoalbuminuric patients, with 64. 1% of them having values over the cut –off.
So we can conclude that urinary podocalyxin could be more sensitive and specific marker of kidney damage than microalbuminuria and thus it could be a useful biomarker for detecting early diabetic nephropathy. Also, U-PCX correlate positively with HbA1c concluding that hyperglycaemic state may cause glomerular damage in early stage of diabetic nephropathy and that duration of diabetes may not play a role in that process.