الفهرس 
Anatomy of the kidneysOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The Color Duplex Doppler sonography provides not only morphologic but
also physiologic data when studying renal blood flow, as well as explore renal
vessels in various disease including (renal obstruction, renovascular hypertension,
acute or chronic renal failure, or diabetic renal complication) by measuring the RI
of renal parenchymal arteries in each kidney.
So we can summarize that the Color Duplex U/S provides very useful
information, the intrarenal resistance index (R.I) is used as a predictor in patients
with diabetic nephropathy by assessment of alterations in vascular perfusion
showing general perfusion in color.
We therefore, concluded that in renal parenchymal disease, measuring RI by
Doppler ultrasonography is a fair predictor of renal function and documented early
intrarenal hemodynamic alterations in the form of pathologically elevated
intrarenal RI. This denotes the potential usefulness of duplex evaluation of the
intrarenal arteries, as a noninvasive procedure, for monitoring diabetic patients and
predicts those at risk of diabetic nephropathy.
In summary for the results of this study, the clinico-laboratory parameters
(blood sugar level, and serum creatinine) were shown a positive correlation, and a
statistically significant co-variables influencing R.I, except for the diabetic
duration which gives a weak correlation and not reaching a statistically significant
values. The blood pressure in this study is not included as a statistically significant
correlates, because all patients were normotensive and under treatment.
Summary and Conclusion
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Finally we can conclude that in renal parenchymal disease, measuring RI by
Doppler ultrasonography is a fair predictor of renal function, where interarenal RI
value of ≥ 0.70 identifies diabetic patient at risk of progressive renal disease, as RI
seems to be dependable marker of intrarenal changes and can be used as a noninvasive,
easily available parameter of the evolution in patients with advanced
clinical diabetic nephropathy.
Recommendation:
So we conclude that the current study documented early intrarenal
hemodynamic alterations in the form of pathologically elevated intrarenal (R.I) in
diabetics.
This denotes the potential usefulness of duplex evaluation of the intrarenal
arteries, as a noninvasive procedure, easily available parameter, unexpensive, no
radiation hazard, for monitoring diabetic patients to predict those at risk of diabetic
nephropathy. so we give advice to diabetic patients to come as early as possible
and do this test.