الفهرس 
ThalassemiaOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Beta-Thalassemia, the most common genetic disorder in Egypt, is a major health problem with an estimated carrier rate of 9-10% (Hussein, et al.,2007). Iron overload is a common complication of thalassemia syndromes which could lead to the development of organ damage and increased mortality. (Mariani et al., 2009). The clinical sequelae of transfusional iron overload may include myocardial disease, endocrine dysfunction and retarded growth (Taher et al, m 2011). Heart disease is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in β- thalassemia major (β-TM) (Tantawy, et al., 2013). The two main factors that determine cardiac disease in homozygous β- thalassemia are the high outputstate that results from chronic tissue hypoxia (hypoxia-induced compensatory reactions) and iron overload (Mariani et al ., 2009).Chelation therapy is the most effective therapeutic advances in prolonging life of thalassemia patients. Patients who begin treatment at a young age can be protected from the lethal complications of iron overload for at least two decades (Cohen., 2006). Minerals and trace elements are essential nutrients required in minute quantities to support growth, development and optimal functions of the body (Watson, 2010.