الفهرس 
Functional Anatomy of the FootOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The human foot is a highly complex structure .It has two major functions to support the body in standing and progression to lever it forwards in walking, running and jumping.
The human foot is normally arched, its medial border arches up between the heel and the ball of big toe forming a visible and obvious medial longitudinal arch. The bones that form the Medial longitudinal arch consist of calcaneus, talus, navicular the three cuneiform and their three metatarsal bones. The pillars of arch are the tuberosity of calcaneus posteriorly and the heads of the medial three metatarsal bone anteriorly. Bony factor do not play a significant role in maintaining the stability of this arch. Ligaments are important, but are unable to maintain the arch on their own. The most important structure is the flexor hallucis longus muscle. Plantar aponeurosis, Deltoid, plantar and talocalcaneal interosseous ligament together with the capsule of the talonavicular and naviculocuneiform joints play important role in maintaining the medial longitudinal arch. The posterior tibial muscle, flexor digitorum longus, and intrinsic muscles of the foot also help in supporting the arch.
Loss of the medial longitudinal arch of foot results in pes planvoalgus. The term is used to describe a mixture of anatomical variations and pathological conditions. In children and adolescents the most common disorder seen in rigid flat foot include congenital vertical talus, tarsal coalition, accessory navicular bone, peroneal spastic flat foot without coalition and iatrogenic or posttraumatic flat foot.