الفهرس 
Anatomy of the Ankle and Hind FootOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The challenges in heel reconstruction are the special characteristics of this specialized weight bearing region of the body and the complex nature of the defect in most of scenarios. That’s why a very careful management of these cases should be done in order to get the best possible outcome.
A brief discussion of the relevant anatomy and embryology of the ankle and hind foot in correlation to the reconstructive options and planning of surgical solutions for the heel defects were discussed.
The pathophysiology of common causes of heel defects was discussed to ensure better understanding of the course of the disease which helps a lot in the pre and post-operative management and in the choice of the reconstructive modality itself.
Many common reconstructive surgical modalities were described as common methods for resurfacing ranging from skin grafts passing by pedicled and free flaps.
A few advances in the field of surgery which are applied to the reconstruction were mentioned.
Conclusion: we emphasize on that is no single modality was always successful and a careful combined modalities of reconstructive plans with particular attention to every step has to be tailored for every case to ensure the best results as regard the quality of the patient life