الفهرس 
Tissue Doppler Imaging (TDI)Only 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Introduction: Tissue Doppler Imaging (TDI) has proven to be a useful and reproducible tool for assessment of systolic and diastolic function. The prognostic role of tissue Doppler velocities has been explored and proven to have strong predictive power in various diseases.
Aim of the Work: The aim of this work is to detect normal values of the mitral and tricuspid annular velocities measured by tissue Doppler imaging.
Subjects and Methods: This study was conducted at the pediatric cardiology and echocardiography Unit, Pediatric Department at Ain Shams University, over the period from November 2013 till February 2015. The subjects were divided into 6 representative age groups as follows: group 1: Aged from 22 days to1 year (13children, 5.2%). group 2: Aged above 1 year to 3years (10 children, 4%). group 3: Aged above 3 years to 6 years (87 children, 34.8%). group 4: Aged above 6 years to 9 years (73children, 29.2%). group 5: Aged above 9 years to 12 years (45 children, 18%). group 6: Aged above 12 years to 15 years (22 children, 8.8%).
Results: This present study was conducted on 250 healthy children who were free from any known cardiovascular diseases or risk factors, hypertension, cardiac dysrhythmia or any chronic illnesses of medical significance. The children were recruited from the outpatient clinic Pediatric Department, Ain Shams University who were brought to medical attention because of minor illnesses; others were the healthy siblings and relatives of cardiac patients following the pediatric cardiology clinic.
Conclusion: The mean normal value of the E/A ratio was 1.72± 0.42, 1.61± 0.56 for the mitral and tricuspid valves respectively, and the mean value of the averaged mitral E/A ratio increased with age, but the mean value of the averaged tricuspid E/A ratio was not varied with age.
Recommendation
Multicentre studies are needed to measure the normal values of the atrioventricular annular velocities measured by TDI putting into consideration to include a large scale of population, both sexes, different geographical areas. This will help to establish reference values for the normal – and hence to detect the abnormal- based on Z score method