الفهرس 
Materials and MethodsOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
This thesis targets to study samples of raw diatomite that exist in Egyptian environment in El-Fayoum Governorate and test diatomite and its nano-silica in high filter loss squeeze slurry and oil well cementing after identifying its distribution and making chemical analysis before and after nano-silica extraction.
Results of this thesis are divided into three main chapters. First chapter contains the results of examination, identification, counting and microscopic photographing of fourteen collected samples of diatomite from Qasr El-Sagha deposits in El-Fayoum Depression. A total of 13 genera and 38 species were identified. Diatomite species varied from station to another although they are similar. Cocconeis was the dominant genus followed by Rhopalodia then Epithemia. These genera were frequently found also with Stephanodiscus then Cymbella and Navicula. The least noted genus was Anomoneis. Cymbella was the most genus rich species since it has been manifested with 6 species. The most common species that predominant in most sites were Cocconeis placentula var. euglypta, C. placentula, E. sorex, E. turgida and R. vermicularis and R. gibba var ventricosa.
The second chapter contains two parts. The first one includes the results of analytical tests of diatomite and the other part includes the addition of diatomite to drilling fluids and oil well cementing. Results of analytical tests of diatomite showed its surface area, particle size distribution, X-Ray Diffraction test (XRD) and X-Ray Fluorescence test (XRF). The formula of the High Filter Loss Squeeze Slurry (HFLS) was mixed with percents equal 62.99 diatomite, 23.62 lime, 4.72 hay, 7.87 paper and 0.79 polymer. The filtrate was completely lost in only 50 s for fresh water mud while it was 1:55 min for sea water mud. By increasing mud weight the time for complete loss was also increased.
The third chapter contains two parts. The first one includes the results of necessary required chemical treatment for the development of nano-silica from diatomite. The second part includes the effect of addition of nano-silica to drilling fluids and oil well cement. The study showed XRD, XRF, grain size distribution, ball mill, Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscope (HR-TEM), Electron Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX) and surface area. The addition of nano-silica to drilling fluids had negative effect. The addition of nano-silica to oil well cement increased its compressive strength and decreased its permeability.
In conclusion, the results obtained from this investigation indicated that the collected samples from El-Fayoum were diatomite rich sediment that heavily silicified and robust. Comparing results with the international standard showed that time is less than this standard. The addition of diatomite to oil well cement increased the compressive strength and decreased the permeability of the core sample. The compressive strength specification requirements can be reached to the samples that don’t meet the required specification by addition of diatomite or its nano-silica.
Then it is recommended that, continuous studies must be done on raw diatomite with protection of nature reserve area in Lake Qarun because it is a fortune. Diatomite and nano-silica could be used in many other applications. It is recommended to use diatomite as a LCM (Lost Circulation Material) additive in fresh and sea water HFLS. Nano-silica could be only used as filtrate reducing agent not as HFLS. Also it is recommended to use diatomite and its nano-silica as a pozzolanic material in oil well cements.
Keywords: Egyptian diatomite; diatomaceous earth; nano-silica; lost circulation; drilling fluid; oil well cementing; Fractures and permeable formations.
This thesis targets to study samples of raw diatomite that exist in Egyptian environment in El-Fayoum Governorate and test diatomite and its nano-silica in high filter loss squeeze slurry and oil well cementing after identifying its distribution and making chemical analysis before and after nano-silica extraction.
Results of this thesis are divided into three main chapters. First chapter contains the results of examination, identification, counting and microscopic photographing of fourteen collected samples of diatomite from Qasr El-Sagha deposits in El-Fayoum Depression. A total of 13 genera and 38 species were identified. Diatomite species varied from station to another although they are similar. Cocconeis was the dominant genus followed by Rhopalodia then Epithemia. These genera were frequently found also with Stephanodiscus then Cymbella and Navicula. The least noted genus was Anomoneis. Cymbella was the most genus rich species since it has been manifested with 6 species. The most common species that predominant in most sites were Cocconeis placentula var. euglypta, C. placentula, E. sorex, E. turgida and R. vermicularis and R. gibba var ventricosa.
The second chapter contains two parts. The first one includes the results of analytical tests of diatomite and the other part includes the addition of diatomite to drilling fluids and oil well cementing. Results of analytical tests of diatomite showed its surface area, particle size distribution, X-Ray Diffraction test (XRD) and X-Ray Fluorescence test (XRF). The formula of the High Filter Loss Squeeze Slurry (HFLS) was mixed with percents equal 62.99 diatomite, 23.62 lime, 4.72 hay, 7.87 paper and 0.79 polymer. The filtrate was completely lost in only 50 s for fresh water mud while it was 1:55 min for sea water mud. By increasing mud weight the time for complete loss was also increased.
The third chapter contains two parts. The first one includes the results of necessary required chemical treatment for the development of nano-silica from diatomite. The second part includes the effect of addition of nano-silica to drilling fluids and oil well cement. The study showed XRD, XRF, grain size distribution, ball mill, Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscope (HR-TEM), Electron Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX) and surface area. The addition of nano-silica to drilling fluids had negative effect. The addition of nano-silica to oil well cement increased its compressive strength and decreased its permeability.
In conclusion, the results obtained from this investigation indicated that the collected samples from El-Fayoum were diatomite rich sediment that heavily silicified and robust. Comparing results with the international standard showed that time is less than this standard. The addition of diatomite to oil well cement increased the compressive strength and decreased the permeability of the core sample. The compressive strength specification requirements can be reached to the samples that don’t meet the required specification by addition of diatomite or its nano-silica.
Then it is recommended that, continuous studies must be done on raw diatomite with protection of nature reserve area in Lake Qarun because it is a fortune. Diatomite and nano-silica could be used in many other applications. It is recommended to use diatomite as a LCM (Lost Circulation Material) additive in fresh and sea water HFLS. Nano-silica could be only used as filtrate reducing agent not as HFLS. Also it is recommended to use diatomite and its nano-silica as a pozzolanic material in oil well cements.
Keywords: Egyptian diatomite; diatomaceous earth; nano-silica; lost circulation; drilling fluid; oil well cementing; Fractures and permeable formations.
This thesis targets to study samples of raw diatomite that exist in Egyptian environment in El-Fayoum Governorate and test diatomite and its nano-silica in high filter loss squeeze slurry and oil well cementing after identifying its distribution and making chemical analysis before and after nano-silica extraction.
Results of this thesis are divided into three main chapters. First chapter contains the results of examination, identification, counting and microscopic photographing of fourteen collected samples of diatomite from Qasr El-Sagha deposits in El-Fayoum Depression. A total of 13 genera and 38 species were identified. Diatomite species varied from station to another although they are similar. Cocconeis was the dominant genus followed by Rhopalodia then Epithemia. These genera were frequently found also with Stephanodiscus then Cymbella and Navicula. The least noted genus was Anomoneis. Cymbella was the most genus rich species since it has been manifested with 6 species. The most common species that predominant in most sites were Cocconeis placentula var. euglypta, C. placentula, E. sorex, E. turgida and R. vermicularis and R. gibba var ventricosa.
The second chapter contains two parts. The first one includes the results of analytical tests of diatomite and the other part includes the addition of diatomite to drilling fluids and oil well cementing. Results of analytical tests of diatomite showed its surface area, particle size distribution, X-Ray Diffraction test (XRD) and X-Ray Fluorescence test (XRF). The formula of the High Filter Loss Squeeze Slurry (HFLS) was mixed with percents equal 62.99 diatomite, 23.62 lime, 4.72 hay, 7.87 paper and 0.79 polymer. The filtrate was completely lost in only 50 s for fresh water mud while it was 1:55 min for sea water mud. By increasing mud weight the time for complete loss was also increased.
The third chapter contains two parts. The first one includes the results of necessary required chemical treatment for the development of nano-silica from diatomite. The second part includes the effect of addition of nano-silica to drilling fluids and oil well cement. The study showed XRD, XRF, grain size distribution, ball mill, Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscope (HR-TEM), Electron Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX) and surface area. The addition of nano-silica to drilling fluids had negative effect. The addition of nano-silica to oil well cement increased its compressive strength and decreased its permeability.
In conclusion, the results obtained from this investigation indicated that the collected samples from El-Fayoum were diatomite rich sediment that heavily silicified and robust. Comparing results with the international standard showed that time is less than this standard. The addition of diatomite to oil well cement increased the compressive strength and decreased the permeability of the core sample. The compressive strength specification requirements can be reached to the samples that don’t meet the required specification by addition of diatomite or its nano-silica.
Then it is recommended that, continuous studies must be done on raw diatomite with protection of nature reserve area in Lake Qarun because it is a fortune. Diatomite and nano-silica could be used in many other applications. It is recommended to use diatomite as a LCM (Lost Circulation Material) additive in fresh and sea water HFLS. Nano-silica could be only used as filtrate reducing agent not as HFLS. Also it is recommended to use diatomite and its nano-silica as a pozzolanic material in oil well cements.
Keywords: Egyptian diatomite; diatomaceous earth; nano-silica; lost circulation; drilling fluid; oil well cementing; Fractures and permeable formations.
This thesis targets to study samples of raw diatomite that exist in Egyptian environment in El-Fayoum Governorate and test diatomite and its nano-silica in high filter loss squeeze slurry and oil well cementing after identifying its distribution and making chemical analysis before and after nano-silica extraction.
Results of this thesis are divided into three main chapters. First chapter contains the results of examination, identification, counting and microscopic photographing of fourteen collected samples of diatomite from Qasr El-Sagha deposits in El-Fayoum Depression. A total of 13 genera and 38 species were identified. Diatomite species varied from station to another although they are similar. Cocconeis was the dominant genus followed by Rhopalodia then Epithemia. These genera were frequently found also with Stephanodiscus then Cymbella and Navicula. The least noted genus was Anomoneis. Cymbella was the most genus rich species since it has been manifested with 6 species. The most common species that predominant in most sites were Cocconeis placentula var. euglypta, C. placentula, E. sorex, E. turgida and R. vermicularis and R. gibba var ventricosa.
The second chapter contains two parts. The first one includes the results of analytical tests of diatomite and the other part includes the addition of diatomite to drilling fluids and oil well cementing. Results of analytical tests of diatomite showed its surface area, particle size distribution, X-Ray Diffraction test (XRD) and X-Ray Fluorescence test (XRF). The formula of the High Filter Loss Squeeze Slurry (HFLS) was mixed with percents equal 62.99 diatomite, 23.62 lime, 4.72 hay, 7.87 paper and 0.79 polymer. The filtrate was completely lost in only 50 s for fresh water mud while it was 1:55 min for sea water mud. By increasing mud weight the time for complete loss was also increased.
The third chapter contains two parts. The first one includes the results of necessary required chemical treatment for the development of nano-silica from diatomite. The second part includes the effect of addition of nano-silica to drilling fluids and oil well cement. The study showed XRD, XRF, grain size distribution, ball mill, Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscope (HR-TEM), Electron Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX) and surface area. The addition of nano-silica to drilling fluids had negative effect. The addition of nano-silica to oil well cement increased its compressive strength and decreased its permeability.
In conclusion, the results obtained from this investigation indicated that the collected samples from El-Fayoum were diatomite rich sediment that heavily silicified and robust. Comparing results with the international standard showed that time is less than this standard. The addition of diatomite to oil well cement increased the compressive strength and decreased the permeability of the core sample. The compressive strength specification requirements can be reached to the samples that don’t meet the required specification by addition of diatomite or its nano-silica.
Then it is recommended that, continuous studies must be done on raw diatomite with protection of nature reserve area in Lake Qarun because it is a fortune. Diatomite and nano-silica could be used in many other applications. It is recommended to use diatomite as a LCM (Lost Circulation Material) additive in fresh and sea water HFLS. Nano-silica could be only used as filtrate reducing agent not as HFLS. Also it is recommended to use diatomite and its nano-silica as a pozzolanic material in oil well cements.
Keywords: Egyptian diatomite; diatomaceous earth; nano-silica; lost circulation; drilling fluid; oil well cementing; Fractures and permeable formations.
This thesis targets to study samples of raw diatomite that exist in Egyptian environment in El-Fayoum Governorate and test diatomite and its nano-silica in high filter loss squeeze slurry and oil well cementing after identifying its distribution and making chemical analysis before and after nano-silica extraction.
Results of this thesis are divided into three main chapters. First chapter contains the results of examination, identification, counting and microscopic photographing of fourteen collected samples of diatomite from Qasr El-Sagha deposits in El-Fayoum Depression. A total of 13 genera and 38 species were identified. Diatomite species varied from station to another although they are similar. Cocconeis was the dominant genus followed by Rhopalodia then Epithemia. These genera were frequently found also with Stephanodiscus then Cymbella and Navicula. The least noted genus was Anomoneis. Cymbella was the most genus rich species since it has been manifested with 6 species. The most common species that predominant in most sites were Cocconeis placentula var. euglypta, C. placentula, E. sorex, E. turgida and R. vermicularis and R. gibba var ventricosa.
The second chapter contains two parts. The first one includes the results of analytical tests of diatomite and the other part includes the addition of diatomite to drilling fluids and oil well cementing. Results of analytical tests of diatomite showed its surface area, particle size distribution, X-Ray Diffraction test (XRD) and X-Ray Fluorescence test (XRF). The formula of the High Filter Loss Squeeze Slurry (HFLS) was mixed with percents equal 62.99 diatomite, 23.62 lime, 4.72 hay, 7.87 paper and 0.79 polymer. The filtrate was completely lost in only 50 s for fresh water mud while it was 1:55 min for sea water mud. By increasing mud weight the time for complete loss was also increased.
The third chapter contains two parts. The first one includes the results of necessary required chemical treatment for the development of nano-silica from diatomite. The second part includes the effect of addition of nano-silica to drilling fluids and oil well cement. The study showed XRD, XRF, grain size distribution, ball mill, Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscope (HR-TEM), Electron Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX) and surface area. The addition of nano-silica to drilling fluids had negative effect. The addition of nano-silica to oil well cement increased its compressive strength and decreased its permeability.
In conclusion, the results obtained from this investigation indicated that the collected samples from El-Fayoum were diatomite rich sediment that heavily silicified and robust. Comparing results with the international standard showed that time is less than this standard. The addition of diatomite to oil well cement increased the compressive strength and decreased the permeability of the core sample. The compressive strength specification requirements can be reached to the samples that don’t meet the required specification by addition of diatomite or its nano-silica.
Then it is recommended that, continuous studies must be done on raw diatomite with protection of nature reserve area in Lake Qarun because it is a fortune. Diatomite and nano-silica could be used in many other applications. It is recommended to use diatomite as a LCM (Lost Circulation Material) additive in fresh and sea water HFLS. Nano-silica could be only used as filtrate reducing agent not as HFLS. Also it is recommended to use diatomite and its nano-silica as a pozzolanic material in oil well cements.
Keywords: Egyptian diatomite; diatomaceous earth; nano-silica; lost circulation; drilling fluid; oil well cementing; Fractures and permeable formations.