الفهرس 
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Abstract
Influenza A viruses that infect birds, swines and humans are of great concern globally due to their devastating economic losses and lethal impact on human health. Hence, the present study was carried out to investigate the occurrence of IAVs in birds and humans at Sharkia Governorate, Egypt.
I – Occurrence and molecular identification of AIVs in birds:
• A total of 110 samples were collected from 100 birds including chickens (50 pooled organs), ducks (15 pooled organs, 10 oropharyngeal swabs and 10 cloacal swabs) and wild egrets (25 pooled organs) at different cities within Sharkia Governorate, Egypt during the period from January, 2015 to February, 2016.
• The collected samples were examined for the isolation of AIVs by inoculation in SPF-ECE and the harvested allantoic fluids were screened for the presence of hemagglutinating virus using slide HA test.
• The overall prevalence of AIVs in chickens was 18% (9/50) using slide HA test. The infection rate was higher in broilers (40%) than layers (8.6%)
• The HA positive chicken samples were pooled into 4 pools (one pool from each positive farm) and molecularly identified by rRT-PCR targeting H5, H7 and H9 genes specific for AIVs H5, H7 and H9, respectively.