الفهرس 
Chapter 1Only 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
A quantum-dot cellular automaton (QCA) is a promising emerging technology that works on
novel paradigms such as synthesis of reversible gates. QCA is a constructing nanoelectronic
technology that gives another approach to computation at nano level. Research and development
in the field of electronic devices during the last decades made it possible for designers to increase
the speed and decrease the size of the components and the power consumption. QCA is based
upon the encoding of binary information in the electron charge configuration within quantum dot
cells. Computational power is provided by the Coulombic interaction between QCA cells. There
is no current flow between cells and no outer source is delivered to singular internal cells. Due to
the reordering of electron positions, the physics of cell-to-cell interaction provides the local
interconnections between cells. The unique feature is that logic states are represented by a cell. A
cell is a nanoscale device able to encode data by two-electron configuration. The cells must be
aligned exactly at nanoscales to provide correct functionality, thus, the testing of these devices
for misalignment and manufacturing errors has an important role for the correctness of circuits.
The relation between computation and data loss has been solved in QCA because it has very low
power consumption which is a common property for QCA.