الفهرس 
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Abstract
“Ecofeminism” is a movement that depicts the exploitation of human to nature and women. Ecological feminism comprises “environmentalism” and “feminism.” Both constitute to “ecocriticism” that takes nature as a main core of its study in the literary text. The challenge in the ecocritical movement is to trace and analyze the environmental problems. This thesis aims to investigate the ecofeminist philosophy of Val Plumwood, attempting to find solutions to women exploitation and environmental crisis.
The study of ecofeminism acquaints the domination of woman with the domination of nature and condemns the male figure as the source of both sufferings. Ecofeminists explore the various connections between nature and woman, rejecting the hierarchy that places both entities as subordinate under patriarchy.
The ecofeminist Val Plumwood aims to reform the environmental degradation together with women exploitation. She draws on two crucial conceptions that form a part of male dominant qualities: dualism and rationalism. Dualism, created by male domination, constructs hierarchy among entities. This hierarchy assigns superior qualities to men and culture, and lower ones to women and nature. Furthermore, Rationalism assigns reason mainly to men and culture, whereas women and nature are associated with irrationality.
Summary
This thesis is divided into an introduction, four chapters, and a conclusion. The introduction, “The Emergence of Ecofeminism,” draws on an introduction to ecofeminism and the theoretical framework, starting from the history of ecocriticism and the environmental movement up to the emergence of ecofeminism.
Chapter One, “The Philosophy of Val Plumwood,” introduces the biography of Val Plumwood and focuses on the analysis of the ideologies of dualism and rationalism.Chapter Two, “The Trauma of Women and Land in A Thousand Acres by Jane Smiley,” applies the theoretical philosophy of Plumwood on A Thousand Acres, zooming in the suffering that happens to both the daughters and the land of Larry Cook.
Chapter Three, “Women and Land Entrapment in A Lost Lady by Willa Cather,” sets up another analysis to the exploitation of women and nature by patriarchal figures. Chapter Four, “The Ideal Life in Ecotopia by Ernest Callenbach,” introduces solutions to the ecological crisis and women suppression.
Finally, the conclusion sums up the major findings and asserts the fact that no harmony can be reached unless human beings reconsider and revise their attitudes towards nature and women“Ecofeminism” is a movement that depicts the exploitation of human to nature and women. Ecological feminism comprises “environmentalism” and “feminism.” Both constitute to “ecocriticism” that takes nature as a main core of its study in the literary text. The challenge in the ecocritical movement is to trace and analyze the environmental problems. This thesis aims to investigate the ecofeminist philosophy of Val Plumwood, attempting to find solutions to women exploitation and environmental crisis.
The study of ecofeminism acquaints the domination of woman with the domination of nature and condemns the male figure as the source of both sufferings. Ecofeminists explore the various connections between nature and woman, rejecting the hierarchy that places both entities as subordinate under patriarchy.
The ecofeminist Val Plumwood aims to reform the environmental degradation together with women exploitation. She draws on two crucial conceptions that form a part of male dominant qualities: dualism and rationalism. Dualism, created by male domination, constructs hierarchy among entities. This hierarchy assigns superior qualities to men and culture, and lower ones to women and nature. Furthermore, Rationalism assigns reason mainly to men and culture, whereas women and nature are associated with irrationality.
Summary
This thesis is divided into an introduction, four chapters, and a conclusion. The introduction, “The Emergence of Ecofeminism,” draws on an introduction to ecofeminism and the theoretical framework, starting from the history of ecocriticism and the environmental movement up to the emergence of ecofeminism.
Chapter One, “The Philosophy of Val Plumwood,” introduces the biography of Val Plumwood and focuses on the analysis of the ideologies of dualism and rationalism.Chapter Two, “The Trauma of Women and Land in A Thousand Acres by Jane Smiley,” applies the theoretical philosophy of Plumwood on A Thousand Acres, zooming in the suffering that happens to both the daughters and the land of Larry Cook.
Chapter Three, “Women and Land Entrapment in A Lost Lady by Willa Cather,” sets up another analysis to the exploitation of women and nature by patriarchal figures. Chapter Four, “The Ideal Life in Ecotopia by Ernest Callenbach,” introduces solutions to the ecological crisis and women suppression.
Finally, the conclusion sums up the major findings and asserts the fact that no harmony can be reached unless human beings reconsider and revise their attitudes towards nature and women.