الفهرس 
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Abstract
The objective of the research is to find a new fuel to be an alternative to light diesel oil fuel.
Canola (Brassica napus) was cultivated and irrigated by wastewater. Canola seeds were squezed to produce oil. The oil was used to produce biodiesel by transestrification process.The analysis of COME properties showed that they were comparable with that of the standard solar fuel.
The experimental studies were carried out in two stages; the first stage was to run a diesel engine to test its performance and emissions by using solar. The second stage is testing the same diesel engine to get its characteristics of the performance and emissions by using blends of biodiesel and solar with different ratios.
Different ratios of canola/solar blends were used as a fuel to power a diesel engine. The impact of using these blends, at different loads on the engine performance and exhaust emissions were recorded. The results were got as follows:
1- The complete miscibility of solar and COME showed that the COME is a good fuel for diesel engines at different ratios. Biodiesel can be mixed with solar in any proportion, with no need for a mixing additive.
2- All the experiments were done successfully using different ratios of blends from pure solar up to 100% COME, without any engine modifications. The engine was run without any problems for all ratios of blends.
3-The increases in the percentage of CO emissions was negligible compared to solar combustion emissions.
4- The emissions of the engine were acceptable. No sulfur oxides appeared in the exhaust gases when using the different blends of solar and COME. Increasing the percentage of COME in the blend led to a decrease in the percentage of carbon dioxide CO2, unburned hydrocarbons HC, and nitrogen oxides NOx in the exhaust gases. It also caused an increase of the percentage of carbon monoxide CO in the exhaust gases.
5- The efficiency of the engine was decreased by the usage of COME as a fuel. The engine efficiency decreased as the percentage of COME in the blend was increased.
The analysis of the above results leads to conclude the following results:
1- COME is a renewable resource of energy.
2- COME is a friendly environment fuel. This friendship is due to low emissions and no sulpher oxides.
3- By using the wastewater in the irrigation of canola, nations can take off from apportion of wastewater.
4- Wide spread of using canola fuel oil will save a huge quantity of light , where every liter of COME usage, about one liter of fossil fuel will be saved.
5- Using canola fuel oil will be very valuable in the countries where light diesel oil fuel is not available in enough quantities such as Egypt.
6- By the cultivation of canola, new market for labors and farmers can be opened.
In brief, the interest in biodiesel as an alternative transportation fuel stems mainly from its renewable, its safe, clean-burning properties; and its compatibility with existing diesel engines.